2. CEO CHARACTERISTICS AND FOREIGN MARKET ENTRY MODE The top literature of CEO characteristics and foreign market entry mode are reviewed. The CEO characteristics; foreign market entry mode; CEO education and entry mode; CEO tenure and entry mode; CEO international experience and entry mode as well as CEO function and entry mode are being evaluated within the context of international business. The relevant key texts of the topic were considered. These derived the conclusions in answering the main question. Have the characteristics of CEO Successor (the individual taking over the CEO role) had a significant influence on the choice between foreign market entry modes?
And the sub-questions: What is the relationship that exists between CEO educational
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They are supposed to give examples of the education levels required. They failed to relate education to international business. But, they talked about higher education qualification and the benefits that accompany it. The writers indicated that greater education can help someone in making decisions. Their work increases knowledge, research, practice, and theory.
Hsu, Chen, and Cheng (2013) studied the impact of CEO attributes on the internationalization-performance of SMEs. They found that age, educational level, international experience and duality of the CEOs have moderating effects on the relationship between internationalization and firm performance. The researchers used a panel data of 187 Taiwanese SMEs that entered the foreign market.
The authors research though similar to this paper; it is limited to SMEs in Taiwan. The attributes used too, are different. The study went beyond foreign entry and added the firm’s performance. It is also limited to Taiwan SMEs which are in multinational business. In contrast, the researchers discussed the CEO, attributes, as well as impacts of internationalization and the business performance. They again, offered a data collection method. The study is a contribution to knowledge, theory, research and
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Experience in countries which are not similar seems to have no predictive power. These issues demand a radical change in the manner the two key constructs must be applied in future entry mode research.
The theorists did not talk about the CEO and linked him or her to the international experience as a characteristic. This makes the theory different from the topic of the seminar paper. Their text is limited to experience in similar countries and not countries with differences in culture. Contrary, they discussed international experience and how it can affect similar and dissimilar countries regarding the choice of entry mode. They also made a recommendation for further studies. Their work is a contribution to knowledge, practice, research, and practice.
The figure 3 below illustrates how the CEO international experience impacts on the selection of foreign market entry mode. The + in the diagram shows increasing international business while the - stands for decreasing internationalization. Therefore, with CEO international experience having +, it encourages the choice of
As a result of searching the existing literature, the researcher was able to obtain data that correlated exceptionally well with the research topic. Indeed, the researcher gathered pertinent information from secondary sources; however, the primary sources of data were needed to draw a logical conclusion of the research at hand. So, the next step was major section III, Research Methodology. Being
As a person achieves great success in his education career, the author is considered to be knowledgeable for the audience to trust his opinion. When reading his essay, readers can see the value, benefits, and importance of education
Ford Motor Company's various leveled society affects the affiliation's drive toward higher execution to perform its vision of industry organization. An association's various leveled society describes the qualities, conventions and traditions that impact individual and group practices. Ford uses its progressive society to keep up a world class workforce. As the fifth most noteworthy player in the overall vehicles showcase, the association needs to keep up high productivity and convincing support for mechanical and technique headway (Khosrow-Pour, 2006). These necessities are met through a various leveled society that epitomizes Ford's vision and mission statements, with highlight on flawlessness and joint effort.
Why did IKEA go international? Before starting to analyze IKEA’s internationalization, let’s consider on the question “why do companies go international?” Generally, companies go international for a lot of reasons, but the main ones are company growth and profit making as well.
Around 2010, the company finally began to click. The worst of the cultural differences were getting resolved, and the Chinese had spent the period of upheaval learning about the capabilities needed within a multinational company. “They came to the United States ready to learn and absorb expertise’. Lenovo believe that with the advantage to the similarity between two companies, it should not be too difficult to integrate two corporate cultures. Even at, the pre-planning stage, the organization has designed a range of strategy such as cocktail party, a culture integration discussion board, set time up a cultural integration committee, to integrate two teams as well as to encourage communication between them.
Different nations are characterized by different management ideologies, which can either help or hurt them in building competitive advantage. If there is a strong domestic rivalry, it helps to create improved efficiency, making those firms better international competitors. Porter also notes that chance (such as new breakthrough innovations) and government policies (such as regulation, investments in education, etc.) can influence
Education is interconnected with every single strand of the economy, laws, jobs, research… I believe that education is not only one of the most important factors in a development of a country but instead, it has a greater significance than other factors. First and Foremost, Education is the foundation of our society. It gives us the power of knowledge and the power of assisting others. Nelson Mandela once said: “Education is the most powerful weapons which you can use to change the world – The Former
In 1974, Delhaize took its first step of internationalization by entering the US market. He progressively acquired market shares in US and continued its internationalization process by entering Southeastern Europe in the early 1990s, and the Indonesian market in 1997. In this section we will try to understand the pressures that pushed Delhaize to internationalize. George Yip provides a framework to analyze the “globalization drivers” that are most likely to influence a company’s decisions to expend its business internationally. The four drivers of internationalization that he identified are: market drivers, cost drivers, government drivers and competitive drivers.
ACHIEVING GLOBAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF APPLE INC. Apple Inc. is an American conglomerate company located in one immeasurable loop, Cupertino, California in the middle of the Silicon Valley. (OPPapers, 2012). Apple is motivated on their designing, developing, innovating new products like the personal computers, other related software products, and the electronic products such as MP3 players and iPods. Apple Inc.’s main products are iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPads and its latest advanced product is iWatch, which is on the edge of creating another revolution after iPhone. Apple Inc. has transformed its image from an inventive computer manufacturer to a fully-fledged consumer 's electronic company.
Lack of understanding local customers’ shopping habit cultures. Using a suitable strategy to adapt and match the host nation’s culture is one of the most difficult challenges that many multinational enterprises have to overcome (Alphonse 2014). According to Harzing test based on Barlett & Ghosal’s foreign market entry theory (1999), while
In this paper, we analyze the factors for acquisitions, business environment during the deal and intercultural aspects in detail. COMPANY BRIEF Tata Motors: TATA Motors is the largest manufacturer of automobiles in India with revenues over US$ 38.9 billion. TATA Motors is a subsidiary of TATA Group, India’s biggest industrial conglomerate.
Introduction: Education is a basic need of every human being. Every country has their own education system with a motive of “to make their people well educated and civilized”. Schools, colleges, universities, Affiliation Boards, teacher, lecturers, professors, students etc all these entities form the system called an educations system. So we can say that: “Education Education system is a collection of interrelated entities or components that work in collaboration to achieve the common goal i.e. educate the students.”
Multinational corporations had brought numerous opportunity to developing country such as job opportunity, increasing guarantee at employment rate. It is benefited for developing country to improve the economy. According to Management development in international companies in China (Stephen T.K. Li, 1999), China is obtained 10% average annual by multinational companies and foreign companies create over 8 million job opportunity to China people, most importantly, China had a low employment rate before multinational companies enter into China. Consequently, the international companies are benefited to developing economy to developing
INDIA’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE: TREND, COMPOSITION AND DIRECTION INTRODUCTION International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. India’s major imports comprise of crude oil machinery, military products, fertilizers, chemicals, gems, antiques and artworks. Indian exports comprise mainly of engineering and textile products, precious stones, petroleum products, jewellery, sugar, steel chemicals, zinc and leather products. TRENDS
Secondly, a methodology that describes the collection of data included together with highlights of limitations and thirdly key findings analysed and interpreted followed by some useful recommendations. Finally some future directions for research have been