1. Invent your own model Current hierarchical structure of the US foreign policy decision making process is best defined by Hilsman’s model. My model aims to offer a different approach to Hilsman’s policy making process model. According to my model; the main actor in foreign policy decision making process is the National Security Council (NSC) instead of the President of the United States. By putting the NSC to the center of my model, I aim to balance the president’s seemingly broad power in the foreign policy making process and also prevent the destructive effects of internal conflicts and rivalries among bureaucratic institutions to influence foreign policy decision making process with The NSC’s centralized structure in my model. The President’s …show more content…
Differently from the Classic model, the NSC members are elected by the public along with the president and the congress members except the military wing. This new structure of the NSC will prevent the possible unchallenged presidents in the foreign policy decision process and also will diminish the bureaucracy’s intervention to the NSC, reducing the NSC’s efficiency by carrying the internal bureaucratic conflicts into the NSC. The elected president and elected staff of the NSC will be more effective in foreign policy due to their decisions based on consensus without limited by bureaucratic conflicts or turning into an approval mechanism for a crusader type president’s foreign policy strategies. President’s role in my model is limited with its symbolic role over the US public and much more limited autonomy in foreign policy decision making process. In this new framework, the president’s broad role in foreign policy decision making process will be balanced and thus, the possibility of costly plans such as; Invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan due to ambitions of crusader type presidents will be decreased. The people has an important role in my model, in contrast to Hilsman’s model. In the classic model, the people’s efficiency in foreign policy decision making process is limited with the election of the President and the members of Congress, they do not have the chance to determine the NSC’s civilian staff. Important civilian members of the NSC, such as; National Security Adviser and Secretary of State are not elected but appointed by the president. Congress has the responsibility to check the appointments but this causes a slow-down and allows bureaucratic rivalry to influence the president when he is re-appointing his/her NSC staff when the Congress disapproves. To prevent this administrative issue, I offer a new structure that, civil actors such as; Secretary of
The core role of this division is to ensure the laws implementation is with utmost faith. The US president is the head of the executive and the CEO (chief executive officer) of this arm of government. The other departments making up this arm are the cabinet departments and independent agencies in government. President is the commander in chief of the US armed forces. According to Brandt the president plays a significant role in the process of law making, for instance, after the Congress has approved the bill it is forwarded to the president for approval.
He or she is the commander is chief of the armed forces. The President also nominates judges and justices and maintains the cabinet. These powers don’t seem very powerful. But however, the President can be very powerful, especially when the Congress and the President work together, for example when the presidency and the Congress are held by a single political party. In this case, it is very common for the President to set policy that the Congress merely rubber-stamps.
Comparing to the economic aspect, the Congress did have some control over the diplomacy aspect which includes “the power to declare war and make peace, to make treaties and alliances … [and] appoint the senior officers of the U.S army.” (Ginsberg, et. al. 2014:35) These powers, basically, were the extended version of previous Continental Congress’s power.
This new office would be known as the President of the United States, and one of the powers of the executive branch would be that it had the power to appoint judges to the judiciary branch of the national government. The executive branch judicial appointees would however need to be approved by the upper house known as the Senate. These members of the judiciary branch would serve life terms. The power behind this branch of government was that of interpreting the laws and ensuring that they did not violate the Constitution of the United States. (Brinkley,
Of the many roles the president plays for the American government, acting as the commander in chief is very important for the common good. The commander-in-chief 's main tasks are to leave the United States military, make decisions in times of war and to control the Armed Forces. However, to prevent excessive military control, checks and balances only allow Congress to declare war, not the
The Framers wanted essentially, for the people to govern themselves by choosing the politicians that were in place to govern them. As well as having the option to decide if an elected official is not doing their job properly or governing the country properly. The president serves not only as the head of the executive branch of government, but also as the commander in chief of the armed forces. As chief executive, the president operates and controls the different executive agencies, such as the Department of
Defense, known as resisting attack, combined with foreign, a country other than its own country, equals out to be the defense for your own country for its good against opposing foreign countries. During the time period of 1789 through 1825, the United States extended foreign policy as a method of defense and protection from perceived or actual threats of the almighty Europe. During the late 1700’s while Washington was President, he ordered for a foreign policy of Neutrality; neutrality meaning maintaining unharmful relations with both France and Britain. As the idea of protection and defense of America was continued to be kept in mind by our federal government, by the early 1800’s the Monroe Doctrine was eventually formed to avoid any interferences by Europe and their contagious conflicts, preventing our land to ever
The United States is a government republic, with chose authorities at the elected (national), state and neighborhood levels. On a national level, the head of express, the President, is chosen in a roundabout way by the general population of each state, through an Electoral College. Today, the balloters essentially dependably vote with the well-known vote of their state. All individuals from the government council, the Congress, are straightforwardly chosen by the general population of each state. There are many chosen workplaces at the state level, each state having no less than an elective Governor and council.
Foreign affairs are when you have an alliance with a foreign country. George Washington had great advice and took time to create this long address to help us and no one took it into consideration and now, unfortunately, he would be disappointed with our country today. One of the pieces of advice in Washington’s Farewell Address had to do with foreign affairs. Washington’s advice was to not get strong alliances with foreign countries. This is because if you get too entangled with a country there is no way out unless there's an app brawl.
Undoubtedly, The President is the furthermost known person in a country due to the position he occupies and many times his actual power has been questioned. Two distinct perspectives arose to describe the president’s power as persuasion and unilateral power. First, the persuasive perspective from Richard Neustadt illustrates presidents’ power as persuasive. It highlights what Neustadt believes that is a misconception among the general public who believe that the president is a supreme authority that governs the country, as he prefers from his oval office.
It is first prudent to mention that the separation of powers was very much intentional; despite this the separation is not perfect and there will be some overlap. With this in mind it is possible that both the senate and executive have concurrent powers in regard to foreign treaties. For example, “the President is to have power, with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the senators present concur.” (Federalist 69) While the President may make treaties it must be met with congressional approval; this is one of many measures to ensure the Presidential powers do not
Two people, who have equal authority and power, must differ, different in the way they think, different in the way they handle a problem, different in their egos. Thus, the double Presidency can increase the opportunity of opposing factions simply because each of them, has distinct personal ambition and it is extremely, dangerous, they can drag more people to follow their ideology and create divisiveness. It is unnecessary and unwise to create the Executive Branch, which would make this form of divisiveness, moreover, differences of opinion lead to debate and conflict whenever the nation has a problem to
but I also do not agree with congress making the decisions in a time of crisis. I would propose having a cabinet that the american people choose to overlook the president for foreign matters and crisis. Arguably, we have that concept and it’s
In International Relations, various theoretical perspectives are employed to provide a clear framework for the analysis of complex international relationships. One key concept that scholars have strived to fully analyze is “anarchy” and its significance within the International System. Anarchy, as defined by many IR scholars, is the lack of an overarching authority that helps govern the international system. (Class Notes, January 29). Its importance and power to dictate actions between states is often debated and various theories have been used to describe its significance.
In this paper, I have attempted to present an understanding of Pakistan-India conflict by using constructivism theory of international relations. There are many reasons other than strategic reason causing this conflict like differences in ideologies, norms and beliefs. There are also cultural differences between these two nations. 2. Pakistan-India Conflict an overview South Asia is considered a region of great importance in the world.