The Four Language Skills

Introduction

Any language has a difficult and an easy side and serves many purposes, where the absence of it is an absence of communication. The language's four necessities or the four skills play an important function in any language learning; these skills are Reading, writing, listening and speaking, where they connect with each other .

Language concepts of the four basic language skills; Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing have been used by the language educators, where called the "micro-skills", which are things like vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and spelling. There are two parameters connect these four skills together: the communication's mode; oral or written and the communication's direction; receiving or producing the message.

The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) considers as a nationally representative measure of trends in the United States students’ academic achievement in grades 4, 8, and 12, where it defines reading only for the assessment's targets as: “Reading is an energetic and complicated process which involves these steps: (a) written text understanding, (b) the meaning development and interpretation, and (c) using that meaning according to the text type, purpose, and situation” .

Reading defines as the process of building the meaning from written texts and it is a complicated skill which is demanding a coordinated number of the related information' sources .

Reading also defines as the process of building the meaning by means of the dynamic intercommunication between (1) the existing knowledge of the reader ; (2) the information that proposed by the reading text; and (3) the reading context situation .

2. Types of

The Interactive Model

The interactive model takes into consideration the continuous interaction between The bottom-up and The top-down processing in the text's meaning building (p: 93-100) .

4. Reading Strategies

Many researchers in the area of reading strategies studies have used different types of strategies; these strategies are as follows: predicting, inferring, self- monitoring, and summarizing, where they are more effective, useful and beneficial for students.

1. Predicting: This reading strategy includes thinking about what might be coming next in the text, where the effective reader can apply it before beginning reading by using pictures, texts, headings and his / her personal experience in order to make predictions . Jessica (Jessica, G, 2000 cited in The Ohio University Education, 2014) also noticed that the predicting is used in the task of reading, it allows students to obtain their interest and activate their previous knowledge, also, it helps learners to think about what will happen based on the text, the author, and background knowledge.

2. Inferring: This reading strategy refers to what we