Four Bone Cells

Endochondral ossification and long bone growth in humans Endochondral ossification is the process in which the embryonic cartilaginous model of most bones, which supplies the longitudinal growth and is slowly replaced by bone. Endochondral ossification allows a growing bone to bare weight during its development. The endochondral process of ossification provides a framework for a more rigid skeletal material. Long bones of the limbs and ribs develop by endochondral ossification. Characteristics of endochondral ossification include, the presence of a hyaline cartilage model of the bone and the presence of cartilage, along with the bone during the ossification process.

The objective of the virtual lab on bones consisted of identifying the major bones of the human body. We had to place the major bones of the body in the correct anatomical position. The key terms included the axial skeleton which includes the skull and the bones that support it, such as, the vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and the structures that support them such as, the scapula and pelvic bones. It is also noted that where two bones meet is called a joint.

Some of tissues in the bones of the skeletal system are marrow, cartilage, ligaments, and bone tissue, and the cells inside are osteoprogenitor, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Inside of the muscular system are the skeletal tissues. In the respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems there are smooth muscle tissues and cells. In the nervous system, there is a nerve network tissue with neuron cells. Finally, inside the muscular system, there are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac tissues and cells.

This accordance is one of the most important features of skeletal muscles. Muscle mass is the primary indicator of muscle strength and it is not stable. There is continuous process that includes the balance between protein synthesis and catabolism, which determines hypertrophy or atrophy (Blaauw et al., 2013). Increase in muscle proteins during muscle hypertrophy occurs because of either increasing RNA and protein synthesis by existing nuclei or preserving of the same level RNA and protein synthesis from each nuclei and new myonuclei addition to fibers. Because mature muscle fiber myonuclei cannot divide, source of new myonuclei added to fiber is the external of the fiber.

Background Research Teeth come in different shapes and sizes and everyones ' teeth are different. However all teeth have a few things in common- they all have three main layers; Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp. Enamel is the very hard protective shell on the visible part or crown of your tooth. It can withstand chewing and biting but is brittle and can chip/break easily. Dentin consists of a substance that is similar to bone, it is underneath the enamel and gives your teeth their color.

Recent evidences shows the efficacy of intravenous pamidronate in the treatment of FD along with other measures to maintain the maximum bone density. Introduction Fibrous dysplasia is a rare developmental disorder which occurs as a result of replacement of normal bony tissue by fibro osseous connective tissue1. The underlying defect on the nuclear level is a mutation in GNAS12 gene which activates pathways to prevent the maturation of the osteoprogenitor cells hence leading to development of abnormal bone structure produced by

The components of this system are made up of 206 skeletal bones, muscles, cartilage, ligaments, a network of tendons, joints, and the other connective tissue that supports and binds tissue and organs together.The skeletal portion of this system serves us by being the main pillars and storage system for phosphorus and calcium, and it also contains fundamental parts of the hematopoietic system. Furthermore it has 2 parts, which are the axial skeletol, which is made out of the vertebral cullum, the rib cage, and the skull, and the appendicular skeletol which in turn is made up of the shoulder girdle and the pelvic one. We also have 4 types main types of bones which are, irregular bone, flat bones, long bones and short bones. As to the muscles these are divided in to 3 mains parts, which are the heart muscle which is unique only to the heart, the skeletal or voluntary muscle, and the smooth or involuntary

The Axial Skeleton is the central core of the human body and it protects all the vital organs. It consist of 80 bones in total, 29 bones in the head, 25 bones of the thorax and 26 bones in the vertebral column [8]. The best example for the support and protection function axial skeleton is your skull. There are eight bones in your skull called cranial bone they are thick and hard and lack the ability to move on their own. Their purpose is to protect your brain and its nerves and blood

Bones are living tissue composed of living cells because of this they are a complex source of a wide variety of nutrients. They contain minerals which are embedded in protein, fat and fat soluble vitamins. They are a great source of calcium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, zinc, and manganese. The central part of most bones contain marrow which is a highly nutritious source of blood forming elements. They also provide natural antioxidants including enzymes.

COMPARISON OF COMPONENTS OF ODONTOGENIC CYST FLUID - A REVIEW ABSTRACT: The cystic lesions that affect the oral and maxillofacial region are predominantly odontogenic in origin. The odontogenic cell rests entangled within tissue of the jaws such as cell rests of Malassez, cell rests of serre and enamel organ leads to its formation . The factors leading to the enlargement of these jaw cysts are increased permeability of cyst wall , increased protein content of the cyst fluid ,and when the intracystic fluid pressure on the jaw bone is increased. This review is an attempt to analyse and compare the components of cystic fluid like Albumin, Prealbumin, Globulin,Total protein content among various odontogenic cysts. Keywords: Odontogenic cysts, Odontogenic cyst fluid, Total protein content, Albumin, Prealbumin.