Bureaucracy in an organization is based on single chain of command from top level to bottom level. It is the most rigid and formal type of organizational structure. The work is properly divided and individuals carry out their roles impersonally (Writing, 2001). An
Lipsky states that street-level bureaucrats play a crucial role in policy making. This seems like a common sense statement to us, but at the time it was published, this was a ground-breaking theory in the area of social sciences. Street-level bureaucrats are at the centre of controversy because they deal with the public as well as the government. If policy is to be changed, they are the people who have to be dealt with. These bureaucrats create policy through discretion and autonomy, a concept so far away from the ideas that surround bureaucracy: that there is a detachment between worker and
Bureaucracy is a type of business structure popular among governments and public administrations. A bureaucratic organization was originally intended to have a hierarchical or pyramidal structure to help achieve the most rational and efficient operation at the lowest cost. The term bureaucracy is a combination of French and Greek words respectively. The word ‘bureau’ means desk or office and the word ‘kratos’ means rule or political power. It was first used by the French economist Jacques Claudes Marie Vincent de Gournay.
The merit system is significant as it ensures that people getting a job in a public office are fully qualified for the position. The Organization of the Executive Branch Compare and contrast independent agencies and government corporations. Most agencies, bureaus and cabinet departments are essential to the operation of bureaucracy as a whole. Independent agencies are agencies that are not a part of the cabinet. Instead, independent agencies are built by Congress independently from the departmental structure.
Bureaucracy: To most people and politicians: bureaucracy = negative connotation To scholars and bureaucrats: bureaucracy = neutral meaning Consists of appointed officials who work in a large and complicated organization Authority is divided among many groups of people Opposite of a dictatorship (bureaucracy is rule by many people who work together to make decisions) Ex. corporations, universities, congress Government by proxy: The principal our federal government runs on Consists of money given to private groups and local governments by the federal government in order to fund federal programs Ex. Social Security and medicare Negatives: The money sent to public and private agencies by the federal government is not regulated or monitored Citizens may
Political independence of the officials 6. Incentive for prompt performance 7. Security of tenure e.g. pension and gratuity Also Weber characteristic of bureaucracy include; a. Uniformity b. Continuity c. Hierarchical structure d. Competence It is also important for the purpose of clarity to mention here, that the elements of bureaucracy include the following; i. Hierarchy of authority ii.
In bureaucratic management, the term hierarchy refers to layers of management and formal processes which are used to refer on how companies are organized. Scientific management emphasizes process improvements and efficiencies, and it makes managers accountable for improving organizational productivity. In organization that use bureaucratic management structures share some characteristics which includes, a well-defined hierarchy system which entails accurate and detailed documentation and recordkeeping and also well-defined rules and regulations. Each position in a bureaucracy supervises another, hence improving communication, direction and
However, Formal structures are the opposite, they have clear chart that describes the relation between different departments. Additionally, all roles are clearly defined along with the authority matrix of a certain role. Policies and procedures are put in place to assure that any scenario that the business faces in reality is death with
Bureaucracy is a hierarchical arrangement of jobs using a format of levels where one level is controlled by the next higher level. A bureaucracy also would be bound by clearly defined rules and procedures (Mullins, 2008).
Finally, bureaucracies and formal organizations are impersonal. They keep things professional and try to take personal feelings out of situations that don’t call for them to, again, increase efficiency.