Frederick II
The reading “Frederick II” is about an unusual emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Frederick II was a man of great ability who was infatuated with nature. The biggest contributions of Frederick II were the effects of his battle against the Church. Frederick II began to clash with the church when he announced that he regarded Jesus, and for that matter all the other major religions, to be frauds. This was a radical idea in the middle ages, the Age of Faith. Although Frederick allowed religions to be practiced in his empire, he began to dismantle the power the Church had in the Holy Roman Empire. Frederick II was determined to have a more secular government, even if it meant going against the pope. He was able to attain his goal
In the sixteenth century of Europe, religious reform and changes led people away from the Catholic Church. From Martin Luther’s exposition of the church’s corruption to King Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy, these two religious figures broke away from the Catholic Church in favor of alternative religions. Their lives were heavily involved in their personal and political motives to change the church’s religious practices and beliefs. In the German states, Martin Luther realized that the priests were often unqualified, immoral, and corrupted.
Consequently, his Ninety-Five Theses sparked the Protestant Reformation, which challenged the church monarchy and helped split Christianity in two: Catholic and Protestant. As a result, a domino effect, which surpassed religion, led to change within European polities that facilitated a “divided Christian Europe” (Lecture 7, January
Charles V launched military campaigns to weed out Lutheranism and employed the Spanish Inquisition to target members of other faiths. The Pope in the Papal States would
Rulers wanted to master their own territory; rulers used their power to the form of religion that was to be followed. Socio-religious radicalism was reduced in areas that adopted Anglican, Lutheran, Calvinist, or Roman Catholic churches. They established Protestant churches in their country knowing that the new church would be dependent upon them and willing to accept their political
Differences in religion and beliefs could be witnessed across Europe. For example, the Spanish were Catholics, where most of the northern countries were Protestant, and between them was the Holy Roman Empire. This was a place of conflict due to it containing both Protestant and Catholic kingdoms (Source 1). One important political event which occurred was the creation of the Church of England. King Henry VIII removed Catholic church power and introduced such bills as the Submission of the Clergy in 1532 and Act of Supremacy in 1534.
Matthew Paris, however, certainly gave Frederik the benefit of the doubt, seemingly because Frederik was an intelligent ruler who, though prone to vengeance, tried to modernize his domain, and free it from untheologically-sound superstition. In contrast, the popes with whom he fought were also power-hungry secularly inclined rulers, not holy religious leaders, who did not appear to reestablish sound theological practices to the Church. Frederick was very well educated: “it was said he spoke six languages” (Lauri, 5), and removed superstitious practices from the laws: “The ordeal for proving innocence by fire and water was prohibited” (Paris, 335). A learned monk like Matthew Paris would value the intellectual achievements of Frederik II, as seen in his knowledge of languages, and attempt to move beyond irrationally superstitious
In times of trouble, monarchs must make tough decisions that will directly impact their nation and their legacy. Frederick the Great and Peter the Great took different approaches when they saw their countries falling behind. Peter improved Russia by abandoning certain traditions and focusing on westernizing the county, while Frederick took the opposite approach and attempted to strengthen German culture and heritage. They were both autocratic in their leadership style, and lead their countries into wars for power. The three best points for comparing Frederick the Great and Peter the Great's leadership styles are their handling of social issues, domination attempts, and the rise to power.
They denied the control and influence of the Pope. Throughout the Protestant Reformation, Luther and Calvin created new religions known as Lutheranism and Calvinism. Martin Luther believed in the separation of church and state.
Constantine the Great is one of the most prominent figures of the ancient world who has dramatically influenced the history of the modern world. Constantine’s triumph of political dominance of his time, led to the success of Christianity rising as the dominant religion in the Roman word, and perhaps the modern world. Constantine was the son of Helena and Constantius. In 289 AD, the western emperor chose Constantius to serve him. Constantius and Galerius were promoted to Caesar and eventually to Augusti.
Joseph II was the emperor of Austria from 1765-1790. He lived from 1741-1790, and was the son of Maria Theresa. Later, Joseph ran a co-regency with Maria Theresa after his father had died. The co-regency was mostly run by Maria, but Joseph ran foreign matters and the military. Joseph agreed with Maria’s ideas about education, but they argued constantly other other things such as religious toleration.
He was extremely ardent in his religious studies. He possessed an elitist outlook about himself, and this outlook led him to believe that he was elected for salvation. His main goal was to “reform the national church from within” (165). However, when Charles I, a king who was sympathetic to Roman Catholicism, ascended to the throne, he knew that he could never openly
The Middle Ages were the era of Reformation. The Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and the Catholic counter-reformation were all major reform movements that brought about much needed change. However, these three movements strongly disagreed with each other. Why did they disagree? Because they had different perspectives concerning Christianity and the church’s authority.
Rome was very significant because it controlled most of Europe and it also had a lot of european culture. Rome fell after the rulers that came in the next century, didn’t know how to deal with Rome’s growing problems and it’s giant empire, therefore Rome began to fall. There were many contributions to the fall of Rome. For example, trade was disrupted, there was limited space and they began to lack new sources of gold and silver. Some people may argue that the Age Of Faith and The Dark Ages are the best labels to describe the era between 500 and 1500 in Europe.
During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church had a great amount of power because it was the only one at the time. As expressed in The Canterbury Tales, it even oversaw the court, so one could propose that the Church had exponential power. They seemed to rule the economy and hold a lot of land. Kings and queens were even preceded by the Church. Supposedly, in those times, the Catholic Church was a source of great hypocrisy or a good number of its people were.
Introduction The Renaissance was a period during which Europe flourished through the middle ages. The Renaissance comes from the French word rebirth. Given the name Rebirth, it was not only a historical period in Europe, but also the emerging of a new spirit of intellectual and creative review. It was the main feature in the religious, political, and theoretical sensation.