French Influence On English Language
Apparently, the density of French borrowings even increased with the passing of time. Later, during the Renaissance, a significant number of word were borrowed from French. Most of these words were related to literary terms such as genre and numerous abstract terms ending in -ance, -ence, -ant, -ent and -ment. Likewise, the coming of the Industrial Age in the 17th and 18th centuries brought an intensive activity, with borrowings such as salon, canteen, croupier, police, debut or souvenir.
However, borrowings from French are not only limited to single words. Together with borrowings, several calques still remain in today 's English language. In fact, it has been shown that French has been one of the greatest sources of calqued expressions not only in English but in many languages. Some of these French calques found in the English language are: Adam 's Apple (from Pomme d 'Adan), free verse (from vers libre), by heart (from par Coeur), point of view (from point de veu), flea market (from marché aux puces), a cry from the heart (from cri de coeur) and a bag of tricks (from sac de ruses).
Likewise, it is worth noting that French influence on the English language can be seen not only in its vocabulary but also grammar and spelling changes that, although less noticeable, appeared in the Middle English period.
Concerning grammar, all but few of the Old English noun endings finally died away during the period, and the corresponding 'modern ' ways of expressing grammatical
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