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Friction Welding Experiment

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Effect of Welding Parameters in Friction Welding of Hollow Engine Valves
ABSTRACT

This paper includes the study of friction welding being performed between a hollow head and a solid stem of an engine valve. Martensitic stainless steel (X45CrSi93) of 6.5 mm diameter was used as the experimental material. The inner diameter of the hollow hekjg;akad was 3 mm in size. Different welding parameters were chosen which includes friction pressure, upset pressure, burn-off and rotational speed. Mechanical and metallurgical investigations were performed. The optimum welding parameters were determined for these working conditions. The microhardness variation across the weld zone was conducted using Vicker?s microhardness test. The response surface methodology …show more content…

V. Satyanarayana et al employed the main parameters employed as friction force, forge force and burn-off. The flash was observed to be from ferritic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel did not participate in the flash formation suggesting deformation is mainly limited to ferritic stainless steel side. The weld central region consists of fine grains while peripheral region consists of coarse grains. The fine grain size at the central region is due to dynamic recrystallization. The grain size in the weld region dictates the mode of fracture in that fine grain gives rise to ductile fracture, while coarse grain promotes cleavage fracture. Forge pressure aids in grain refinement while friction pressure aids grain coarsening …show more content…

PARAMETERS CHOSEN FOR FRICTION WELDING EXPERIMENT

Welding Factors Range of Factors

Friction Pressure (MPa) 1.38 ? 2.07

Upset Pressure (MPa) 2.76 ? 3.45

Burn-off Length (mm) 10 -12

Spindle Speed (rpm) 1600 ? 2000

Response surface methodology was adopted to determine the optimal parameters. Regression equation for the determination of optimal tensile strength was also developed. The microhardness determination across the weld was done using Vicker?s microhardness tester. The specimens for microhardness examination were sectioned to the required size from the welded joints and polished using different grades of emery sheets and with alumina powder for final disc polishing.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Friction welding experiments were conducted between each of the hollow head piece and solid stem piece. The friction welding process being carried out is shown in Figure-3.

Figure-3. Friction welding process

The friction welded specimens with flash are shown in Figure-4. The tensile strength was observed for each experiment, the observed values have been tabulated in the Table IV.

Figure-4. Friction welded samples

A. DESIGN OF

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