Function Of The Heart And The Structure Of Arteries
SECTION A
(i) Explain the function of the heart and the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries.
The heart is the centre of the circulatory system. It is the organ that pumps blood all over the body. It is shaped like a cone and it’s only about the size of the owner’s fist. It is between the lungs (first behind the sternum) and the apex of the heart points to the left of the body.
Blood is pumped from the heart (a muscular organ) around the body through a transport system of arteries, veins and capillaries. The blood is the body’s fuel; the heart is its engine.
Structure and function of the heart
The heart is a muscular, hollow, red organ with membranes covering and lining it. The muscular wall of the heart is divided into 3 layers;
1. Pericardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium
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It is a double walled membrane sac. It consists of three layers. These are the Fibrous layer which is the outermost covering of the heart. It is made up of a layer of fibrous connective tissue that anchors the heart and the major vessels to the sternum and diagraph. Followed by this is the serious pericardium layer which is the inner most layer of the pericardium. In between these three layers is the serous cavity which is a space containing serous fluid which prevents friction between the tissues and muscles of the heart. It lubricates them and prevents them rubbing against each other when the heart
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