Characteristics Of The Human Respiratory System

The act of breathing is achieved by 4 process as following: 1- Pulmonary ventilation: Pulmonary ventilation is defined as the act of moving air into and out of the lungs in order to achieve inhalation and exhalation. However negative pressure system and muscles contraction are used by our respiratory system to allow the air to flow in and out of the body. Negative pressure system function is to make the pressure of the alveoli lower than the atmosphere pressure, this can be achieved by the assistance of the pleural membrane, where pleural membrane impresses the lungs when they are at rest, as a result the air will flow into the lunges in order to rise up the lunges pressure until it matches the atmosphere pressure, at this point the diaphragm will contract and more air can be inhaled, meanwhile the contraction of external intercostal muscle will cause an increment in the thorax volume, so as a feedback the lungs pressure will go lower than the atmosphere pressure

Veins transport blood to the heart and lungs at low pressure after receiving it from the capillaries. Valves inside the veins keep blood moving in one direction. The human body's arterial system branches out from one main artery, the dorsal aorta. Like veins, arteries have three layers: an outer layer of tissue, an inner layer of epithelial cells and a layer of muscle in between.

The signs and symptoms of COPD include shortness of breath, chronic cough, fatigue and having bluish lips and nail beds (American Lung Association, 2014). The second vital human body system is cardiovascular system (CVS). CVS plays an integral role in enhancing and facilitating the proper function of heart in order to allow the body to function as a whole. CVS comprises of two components namely heart and blood vessels. Heart is a four-chambered muscular pumping organ that divides into atriums and ventricles that are separated by valves to prevent backflow of blood among the compartments (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2010).

For alkalosis caused by hyperventilation, breathing into a paper bag allows you to keep more carbon dioxide in your body, which improves the alkalosis. If your oxygen level is low, you may receive oxygen. Medicines may be needed to correct chemical loss such as chloride and potassium (Respiratory alkalosis, 2014) Because of their delicate fluid and electrolyte status the elderly are at risk for metabolic

Pathophysiology The present of a patent foramen ovale is required to permit blood flow across the septum into the left atrium, the patent duct arteriosus allows blood to flow to the pulmonary artery into the lungs. VSD allows a modest amount of blood to enter the right ventricle &pulmonary artery. Thus pulmonary blood flow is diminished.

2. Describe how the body systems affect one another. How body systems affect each other is for example when the circulatory system works with the respiratory system. They work together because when you breathe in you take in oxygen and the respiratory system does its job and then the circulatory system takes the oxygen and sends it to your other parts. 3.

My mode is Duo Positive Airway Pressure on the Hamilton G5. It is pressure control, a set inspiratory pressure is set to be proportional to patient inspiratory pressure. The breath sequence is intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV). Ventilatory support is between mandatory and spontaneous breaths. The rate setting directly affects the number of mandatory breaths and the level of ventilatory support.

Esophagus The esophagus is a muscular tube about 25 cm (10 inches) long and pierces the diaphragm on its way to the stomach (Fig. 6-78). It is the passageway between the pharynx and the stomach. “Each end of the esophagus is encircled by muscular sphincters that act as valves to regulate passage of material. The upper esophageal sphincter in the cervical part of the esophagus helps prevent air entering the esophagus during

Introduction Ventilation is a process which consists of two parts: inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation is the movement of air into the lungs, while exhalation is the movement of air out of the lungs. During this process, the diaphragm shrinks and the intercostal muscles move the ribs upwards, which increases the area and decreases the pressure. When the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles rest, the area decreases and the pressure increases pushing the air out. Hence, different body positions, such as bending down while sitting, can reduce the lung capacity, thus, the rate of respiration, as the empty space in the lungs is reduced.

Stratum Lucidum III. Stratum Granulosum IV. Stratum Spinosum V. Stratum Basale 1.2.2. Dermis

Lysosomes digest the toxins so they can be safely eliminated by the cell. Peroxisomes contain oxidases and catalases that detoxify substances like alcohol and neutralize free radicals. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) also contains enzymes that detoxify certain drugs (such as alcohol). 3. Mrs. Fender’s jaundice is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in her blood and tissues.

Uptake of oxygen from the air is the essential purpose of respiration, so oxygen supplementation is used in medicine. Treatment not only increases oxygen levels in the patient 's blood, but has the secondary effect of decreasing resistance to blood flow in many types of diseased lungs, easing work load on the heart. Oxygen therapy is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, some heart disorders (congestive heart failure), some disorders that cause increased pulmonary artery pressure, and any disease that impairs the body 's ability to take up and use gaseous

Al 's AP chest diameter is increased ("barrel chest") from the chronic air trapping. Excess air is trapped in the lungs, which is shown in his PFTs results (NIH, 2016). The lungs are hyperinflated, which is why the RV and FRC are increased. COPD pathophysiologically prevents the trapped air from being breathed out, which is indicated by the decreased VC. 5.

These airways divide like branches of a tree and get smaller and smaller until they reach the end of the line. At the end of the smallest airways are the alveoli tiny sacs deep in the lungs. That 's where your lungs take oxygen out of the air and move it into your blood — an important step because every part of

How the cardiovascular system works? Image result for the cardiovascular system heart without labels The cardiovascular system consists of two circuits that blood travels through; pulmonary and systemic. Exercise has an impact on these systems, causing the heart to pump blood faster around the body, which allows you to exercise for longer.