Functions Of Religion In The Philippines
RELIGION AND ITS FUNCTION – THE FUNCTIONALIST AND CONLICT PERSPECTIVES
PRIYANKA JHA
1530334
Religion is an organised collection of beliefs, cultural systems and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence. It exists in all societies but the beliefs and practise might differ. However, there are certain characteristics of religion like a set of symbols that invoke the feeling of awe and reverence, rituals and ceremonies and a community of believers or followers that all religion seem to share.
The rituals and practices associated with a religion varies. Chanting, praying, singing, eating a particular food or refraining from doing so, fasting are some of the things which can be included in ritual acts.
Religion is about the sacred
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For example, people worship a tree or a rock because they associate the supernatural element to that particular object. However, in certain cases like Buddhism and Confucianism have no concept of supernatural but still there was reverence for certain things and people which they considered sacred.
According to Emile Durkheim, “religion differs from private belief in that it is something eminently social.” He described religion as “unified system of beliefs and practises relative to sacred things.”
The sociological study of religion is different from a religious or theological study of religion in many ways. One, it conducts empirical studies of religion functions in society and its relationship with other institutions. The researches is not judgemental towards religious phenomena. Two, it uses a comparative method. This method brings all the societies on the same level without any prejudice or bias. Three, it investigates religious beliefs, practices and institutions in relation to other aspects in society and culture. Religious life can be made intelligible by relating it to domestic life, economic life, and political
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He argues that Calvinism which is a branch of Protestant Christianity exerted an important influence on the emergence and growth of capitalism as a mode of economic organisation. For example, the Calvinists believed that the world was created for the glory of God which meant that any work had to be done for His glory making every mundane work an act of worship. They also believed in the idea of “predestination” which meant that whether one will go to hell or heaven was already pre-ordained. Since, there was no sign that who was assigned hell or heaven they tried to look for signs in their work. If one was consistent and successful it was interpreted as God’s happiness. However, Calvinists believed in living frugally and to be away from worldly consumptions. Investment became a holy creed. Therefore, Weber was able to prove his point that religion in this case, Calvinism had an influence on economic development.
Political debates, economic situations and gender norms will always religious behaviour. Religious symbols ad rituals are often integrated with the material and artistic culture of the society.
FUCNTIONS OF RELIGION
According to Emile Durkheim, religion does serve for the society irrespective of the beliefs and practises carried out by people.
1) It gives meaning and purpose to life – it has for sure helped in ancient times to understand the functioning of the world in one way if connected to the spiritual realm. However, still
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