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Gamma Irradiation Method

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The radiolytic means that the dissociation of molecules by ionizing radiation like (gamma rays, UV irradiation). In the fact, the gamma irradiation method one of the most interested method for preparing the polymer/metal nanocomposites. Because of the desired highly reducing radicals generated free from any byproduct, is the main advantage of gamma irradiation method for the synthesis of noble metallic nanoparticles. The primary and first radicals and upon gamma irradiation the molecules produced in water are [26] H2O→ eaq- (2.7), OH*(2.7) H*(0.6), H2(0.45), H2O2(0.7) Eq.(5) The G values G(eaq-), G (OH), which represented by the numbers in parentheses, for a given irradiated system …show more content…

2PVA(H)+2OH*→ PVA―PVA(crosslinked polymer) + 2H2O Eq.(6) The Ag+ ions are reduced, under the given conditions of the experiment, with strongly reducing hydrated electrons, reducing agent and the PVA radicals formed by the H atom which abstracted from the hydroxyl (OH*) radicals in the PVA chains. nAg+ + n eaq-/ PVA*→ (Ag)n Eq.(7) the hydroxyl radicals formed by the hydrated electrons during the gamma radiolysis of N2O-saturated aqueous solution as a following. N2O + 2 eaq- → N2 + 2OH* Eq.(8) The hydroxyl (OH*) radicals formed are consumed in reaction (Eq.(6)) to produce the polymeric PVA radicals. A yellow gel was obtained after irradiation of the (PVA/Ag+ ions) hydrogel as a result of electron transfer. Reduction of the silver ions in PVA/Ag+ hydrogel induced formation of Ag nanoparticles with a typical surface plasmon resonance (SPR) …show more content…

(b) Avoiding the use of external reducing agent and consequent side reactions like oxidation reactions in UV irradiations and other byproducts produced in the reducing agent methods. (c) The amount of zero-valent nuclei can be controlled by varying the doses of the irradiation. (d) The gamma radiation used to preorganized seed point or nucleation sites, to initiate the growth of Ag nanoparticles directly on the PVA backbone. Also, this method has ability to produce the metal nanoparticles in different shape and size. Recently, El-Shamy and his group [27], reported a promising method for preparation the PVA/Ag and the (PVA/Ag nanorods) nanocomposites by using the gamma rays. After the PVA/Ag nanocomposite films were obtained by using the in-situ chemical reduction method the films were irradiated with different gamma irradiation doses (25, 50, 75, 100 KGy) and The Ag nano-rods prepared at a specific conditions at (125 KGy), and the Ag nanoparticles appeared on the back surface (the surface not face the gamma source) as a nanorods, as shown in the figure

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