Gasket Case Study

I. INTRODUCTION
A
Asbestos gaskets are very effective for the prevention of leakage and are commonly used in pressure vessels and piping systems in many industries. However, asbestos is an extremely dangerous chemical substance, which can cause serious illnesses. In Japan, the production of asbestos and its usage was banned from 2008 [1]. Gasket alternative research challenge was developed after asbestos banned. Most of researcher has been investigated new materials, and several researchers choose to develop a new seal system that optimizing by different design parameter for leakage performance. However, because there is no ideal product that can replace gasket asbestos, different materials are required to be developed for various applications.

The shape of gasket is produced by mold press. The three layer clad metal gasket is produced by cold roll process of three sheet metal and assuming: (1) sheets are fully bonded (2) metals obey the power law material model. Three layer sheet metals are assumed to be fully boded; consequently, the interface delamination is beyond the scope of this paper. The dimension of gasket used was optimum design based on previous study [5] with thickness (T) 1.2 mm for elastic mode, 1.5 mm for plastic mode and length (L) 19.5 mm (Fig.1). In this study the thickness of surface layer (t2) was 0.1 mm. The base material was SUS304 with has characteristics the nominal stress (σsus304) was 398.83 MPa, the tangent modulus was 1900.53 MPa and the modulus of the elasticity (Esus304) was 210 GPa. Aluminum (Al) has characteristic modulus of the elasticity (Eal) was 75 GPa, the nominal stress (σal) was 75 MPa, the tangent modulus (Ehal = Eal/50, Eal/100, Eal/150). Nickel (Ni) has characteristic modulus of the elasticity (Eni) was 205 GPa, the nominal stress (σni) was 205 MPa, the tangent modulus (Ehni = Eni/50, Eni/100, Eni/150), Copper (Cu) has characteristic modulus of the elasticity (Ecu) was 136 GPa, the nominal stress (σcu) was 136 MPa, the tangent modulus (Ehcu = Ecu/50, Ecu/100, Ecu/150). Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) can be clad well with Stainless Steel in all shapes and size [7], [8]. In the next gasket with layer

The stages were modeled using the software MSC.marc [9]. First, using two-dimensional assumptions, an axis-symmetric model was adopted for the forming and tightening process simulation in the axial direction between the upper and lower flange. The FEM analysis for the forming and tightening simulation is shown in Fig. 2. Next, the gasket model that produced by mold press was compressed between the upper and lower rigid flanges using axial displacement to simulate the relationship between the axial force, average contact stress and contact width curves. Both the upper and lower flanges are assumed to be rigid bodies. Further, the contact stress and contact width evaluation is performed only for the convex portion of the gasket, which is effective at reducing the