Gel Electrophoresis Lab

Once the gel hardened, .5X TBE (44.5 mM Tris base, 44.5 mM boric acid, and 1.0 mM EDTA) was added just until the gel was covered with the TBE buffer. Each sample was loaded into the gel as well as 10 μL of DNA size markers (1kb ladder, New England Biolabs) into a separate lane. The gel was allowed to harden at room temperature and then electrophoresed at 100 volts for 75 minutes. Using a UV imager, a photo was taken of the resulting traveled DNA fragments in the gel.

The STR length contrast is what is used to differentiate individuals. Gel electrophoresis then uses the STRs to create a DNA profile. The gel electrophoresis separates the STRs depending on their length and the pattern is then shown in fluorescent gel creating the profile. These profiles are then used by scientist to compare patterns between evidence and or suspects to determine a match or not a match.

To begin the process, a pre-prepared 1% agarose gel was obtained. The gel chamber was set up by placing the agarose gel into the chamber and submerging it in plentiful TAE buffer. The wells were filled with both PCR and DNA and shared between six students. The wells were labeled 1-7. The first well was pre-loaded with DNA ladder and labeled as 1 microliter kb DNA ladder.

DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel S. Aaron Sowards Bio 122 Lab 04 Brianna Adanitsch Jakob Lester Minhenga Ngijoi 2/21/18 Dr. Chad R. Sethman Abstract DNA fingerprinting is the process of analyzing an individual’s DNA base-pair patterns. The DNA fingerprinting lab involved identifying the suspect using Agarose Gel and Polymerase Chain Reaction. It was found that suspect two s DNA matched the crime scene DNA.

It is vey important crime investigation feild where the criminal can traced out. It also plays a major role in the law of justice where people lie about their relation that they had with other people(father and son or mother and son). 5.Below are the images of the gels after electrophoresis. Indicate which lane is loaded with the samples from your group?

The same region is also amplified on both chromosomes, however they are different sizes, which are then put into gel

Finally, the amplified DNA regions are compare using a gel. DNA Profiling

In this three-week long experiment conducted in the Bio 13 Lab, we were able to analyze a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in our own genomic DNA and then determine our genotype at this specific SNP. In week one, we extracted genomic DNA from our cheek cells with swabs and prepared our DNA for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) that would amplify the region with the intended SNP of interest. After one week and after the PCR was run outside of the lab section, the resulting PCR product was purified and treated with restriction enzyme Ahdl in order to prepare for the final analysis of our genotypes. In the third and final week of the project, we analyzed our PCR products by means of agarose gel electrophoresis. By the conclusion of the experiment, we had completed the analysis at the SNP of interest and determined our genotypes for this SNP.

The past decade has seen great advances in a powerful criminal justice tool: deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA can be used to clear suspects and discharge persons mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes (“Using DNA to Solve Crimes”). When used to its full potential, DNA evidence will help solve and prevent some of the United States of America 's most serious violent crimes. DNA is generally used to solve crimes in one of two ways. In cases where a suspect is identified, a sample of that person’s DNA can be compared to evidence from the crime scene.

The Solid sequencing platform, produced by Technologies/Applied Biosystems (ABI), performs sequencing by ligation method. Similar like the Roche 454 library preparation, genomic double strand DNA were sheared into small pieces and ligated with two types of adatptors P1 and P2 on two ends. One end with P1 adaptor binds onto the surface of the magnetic bead and emulsion PCR takes place to amplify single nucleotide fragment. Then the oil was washed out and four fluorescent labeled di-bases probes were added into the beads mixture. By matching the 1st and 2nd position of the template by di-base probes, fluorescence was detected and the extra tail with fluorescent probe is cleaved out.

Discussion PV92 Gel Electrophoresis Results: Through the usage of gel electrophoresis the correct allele for each sample was able to be determined. Lanes one through three in the gel,were the positive control lanes they contained the PCR cocktail and a known high-quality template for the PCR reaction. First lane contained the sample with the +/+ allele, which had two copies of the ALU repeat allele. The first lane had a band at about 941 base pairs.

Transformation in bacteria usually takes place when a bacterial cell accepts strange DNA and integrates to its own DNA. The transformation normally takes place within plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules that have been separate from its own chromosome. The copies of the same plasmid range from 10 to 200 copies within a cell. These copies of plasmids may multiply when the chromosome replicate or multiply independently. One plasmid has a range of 1,000 to 200,000 base pairs. R plasmids are responsible for carrying the gene for resistance to antibiotics e.g. ampicillin, which are normally used in the lab. The normal function of a plasmid is to transport genetic information essential to the survival of the bacteria. (Barnnet, 1995). The plasmid can work as vectors for introducing strange DNA. Restriction enzymes are normally used cut foreign DNA and placed it into the plasmid vectors. This lab used Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria (Kok , 19840). This is because Escherichia coli can be simply grown in Luria broth or on agar, and also has a comparatively small genome of five million base pairs.

The membrane and nucleus had to be broken down since the DNA is found inside, which is found inside the membrane. A possible source of error could have been if a chunk of a strawberry got into the test tube with the filtrated strawberry juice and DNA extraction buffer. DNA is soluble, but not in ethanol. This is why when the ethanol was added, the DNA was then visible. This could have affected the data because there might have been organelles and other parts of the strawberry besides the DNA that wasn’t supposed to be there in the filtrated strawberry juices and extraction buffer.

DNA in Forensic Science DNA is the carrier of genetic information in humans and other living organisms. It has become a very useful tool in forensic science since it was discovered. In forensic science, DNA testing is used to compare the genetic structure of two individuals to establish whether there is a genetic relationship between them. One example of the use of DNA in forensic science that is important in biology today is comparing a suspect’s DNA profile to DNA that was discovered at a crime scene.

The unknown #257 tested positive for the enzyme DNase. Lastly, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) was used to test for isolation and differentiation. The streaking technique used is streaking for isolation. The unknown #257 tested positive for mannitol fermentation which means the organism is