3. Results and discussion 3.1 Swelling studies The swelling behavior of the hydrogel and silver nano composite hydrogel were investigated with two distinct ways: a)versus PEG/ Chitosan ratio at constant crosslinker(MBA) amount(0.1 g.), b)versus various MBA amount at constant PEG/Chitosan ratio(0.2/1, g/g.). The swelling capacity decreased by addition of PEG in the preparation of hydrogels. This can be attributed as the additional PEG chains are well dispersed in the hydrogel network leading to increase in the apparent crosslink density and it is known that addition of crosslink density decrease the swelling capacity as shown in Figure 1 7. After preparing AgNP inside hydrogel network, bulk properties of hydrogel have changed in compared to pure hydrogel which is contributed to chemical environment network changes resulting from AGNPs 11.
Beside the in-situ experiments, the crack morphology and fracture surface of the post mortem composite beams were examined by SEM (Philips XL30 FEG) operating at an acceleration voltage of 10 kV. 1. Results and discussion 3.1 Fracture tests and fractographic analysis The force-elongation curves of three-point bend tests on notched beams of unidirectional CF/epoxy and CF-CNT/epoxy composites are plotted in Fig. 2. The force increases linearly up to the maximum value and then suddenly drops down as the crack propagates very fast throughout the beam.
Thermal gelatin property is a solution when heats up to a critical temperature, it congeals into a non-flowable but semi-flexible mass. Whereas this critical (congealing) temperature is inversely related to both the solution concentration of HPMC and the concentration of the methoxy group within the HPMC molecule ( higher the concentration of the methoxy group, the lower the critical temperature. The inflexibility/viscosity of the resulting mass, is directly related to the concentration of the methoxy group (so higher the concentration, the more viscous or less flexible the resulting mass is). USES The application for HPMC are as follows:- Tile adhesives Cement
The substance undergoes a process called supercritical drying where the liquid is removed from the gel leaving the linked silica network without causing the material to collapse. As aerogel is made up of 95% to 99% air, it is very porous. Its pores are exceptionally minuscule preventing air particles from colliding with another and stopping gas phase conduction, and with that heat energy loss. To increase aerogel insulations effectiveness more materials are added, such as carbon. Aerogel insulation significantly reduces convection, conduction and radiation, which are the three procedures of heat transfer ("Low Energy House - What is Aerogel Insulation?").
Mucoadhesive interactions achieved mainly by hydrogen bonding of carboxyl, hydroxyl and other hydrogen bonding groups between glycoprotein and mucin.1 Transmucosal delivery of therapeutic agents attained much attention compared to other methods of drug delivery in recent days. Transmucosal
The two primary hydroxyl functionalities provide excellent reactivity during both the esterification process and the subsequent crosslinking reaction. Although the cyclohexyl ring is completely saturated, the presence of labile beta hydrogens lowers the exterior durability of polyesters based on this diol. Generally, this diol is used for its excellent contribution to hardness and backbone rigidity. Ni et al [54] and Awasthi and Agrawal [56] can be considered in both works, 1,4 cyclohexanedimethanol was used for the synthesis of hydroxylated
The addition of glass fibers to the cement matrix significantly improves the flexural and tensile behavior of cement matrix. With aging, the GFRC composite that contained metakaolin showed only a relatively minor drop in flexural strength, strain, modulus of elasticity, and toughness, whereas addition of silica fume did not cause any improvement on
The glass fibre shape exist in round and straight with diameter of 0.005 to 0.015mm. Glass fibre length 35mm are used in spray application and 25mm length in premix application. Meanwhile, glass fibre had high tensile strength (2-4Gpa) and elastic modulus (70-80Gpa) but had brittleness problem on stress-strain characteristic with (2.5-4.5% elongation at breaking) and low creep at room temperature. (Srinivasa et al,2012) The glass fibre had alkalinity problem. Generally, glass fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) had intermediate characteristics between rigidity and compressive strength of cement and high tensile strength of glass fibre.
On the other hand, carbon fibers (CFs) have been widely used as reinforcements and even EM interference suppressors, because they have low density, exquisite mechanical and excellent EM shielding properties [13-15]. Based on these backgrounds, magnetite coatings on carbon fibers is a potential way to further enhance the EM shielding properties of carbon fibers. Magnetite have been successfully coated on many different substrates by a variety of deposition techniques such as sputtering [16] hydrothermal [17], molecular beam epitaxy [18] chemical bath technique [19], etc. Although these methods offer good control over film thickness, morphology, crystallinity and purity, they require costly equipment and consume considerable amounts of energy. The aqueous solution-based ED method can be performed at a relatively low temperature and low cost.
Among the treated fabrics, PC32 gives the best anti-pilling result. It is due to the fact that polyacrylate is surface coating material and it can be linked to cellulose fibre via N-methylol group. Moreover, carrier causes swelling of fibre and allowing larger polymer molecules to diffuse rapidly into the fibres. In addition, amino functional silicone influences on fabric pilling by reducing static and preventing lint from clinging to the fabric