The Role Of Gender Analysis In Economic Development

The modern economic growth that began with the Industrial Revolution in the Northwestern countries and then affected the rest of the world with various degrees applies to the last two centuries of the world economy. As it fosters the rise of per capita incomes and standards of living, so it fosters the inequalities in the world. These inequalities could be observed in different layers one of which is gender inequalities. As gender inequalities are accepted as parameter of economy, the analysis on the women’s employment becomes an integral part of the economic development.

Causes and affects of the modern economic growth could be explained by proximate causes that imply to the economic variables, such as productivity and technological developments;

Firstly, the women’s employment in Turkey will be explained with a broad historical perspective of the modern economic growth by focusing on four periods, which are determined by the specific milestones in Turkish history. The first period explains the industrial revolution and the globalization of the Ottoman Empire and lasts from 1820 to 1914. The second period analyzes the First World War, the establishment of the Turkish Republic, the Great Depression and etatist policies and proceeds until 1950s. The third period focuses on import substituting industrialization and the last period begins with the adoption of neoliberal policies in 1980 and it is still in progress. This course of history overlaps with the evolution of the ‘new woman’. By the mid-nineteenth century, the lives of many women began to differ profoundly by revealing the complex patterns of economic and social transformation, which enabled the women to develop different flows of activities in the process of time. While explaining the main economic characteristics of these periods with a broad historical perspective, this paper aims to understand the positioning of the women in the economic

This era experienced a demographic revolution, an agricultural revolution, transportation revolution, ideological revolution and industrial revolution altogether concurrently. The Industrial Revolution was about application of new technologies that eventually paved way for the other revolutions. By the end of 19th century, massive changes in population had taken place both in numbers and location, which was paralleled with movements of people within territories. In time, more people that seek work and cannot work in rural any more and migration to urban and over the course of the century, the number of people living in large cities increased ten fold growing from 3 percent to 11 percent of the aggregate population. Many families turned to wage-earning endeavors in the early phases of industrial capitalism by the process of proletarianization, which is, the dispossession of peasants of their lands and artisans of their tools and