The campaign towards promotion of the gender quotas began in the 1990s. The pressure for the government and the political parties to establish the quotas to promote the participation of the women in the politics increased especially from the civil societies and the NGOs that support the women welfare. Crucially, the Association for Education and Supporting Women Candidates (KA-DER) greatly lobbied for the political parties to establish the gender quotas. The organizations have also prepared reports and presented in the parliament to establish the significance of the matter. Moreover, the NGOs has also organized panels that would question and pressurize leaders on the significance of increasing the number of the women in the politics (Mencütek, …show more content…
The pro-Kurdish parties had the ability to implement the use of the quotas in their parties successfully. The quotas in those parties have benefited the women through the applications in the different places in Turkey. One of the significant parties that have implemented the application of the 20% quotas is the People’s Democracy Party (HADEP). The party introduced the quota during the elections of the year 1999. The women in the Kurdish parties began the revolution for the adoption of the quotas in the 1990s. They wanted the empowerment of the women and the increase of the representatives of the women in the party (Mencütek, 2013). The parties had faced difficulties in adoption of the quotas. Ayse Gokkan, a woman in the HADEP, had noted that the women increase in the party had been objected by the men who were in the party. They always felt bad or objected when the women were put in the top positions in the party or the candidate’s lists. In the elections of 1999, HADEP never secured any seat in the parliament. The men felt objected, and they felt the reason for the failures was a result of the huge selection of the women in the party. The party had only the capability to secure the huge number of the votes from the Kurdish population. As the pressures for the increased representation of the women increased, other activists in the party such as the Abdullah Öcalan, joined hands to fight for the establishment of the quotas in the party. HADEP agreed for the adoption of the 25% quota in the annual convention of the year 2000, and the agreement was put in the statutes of the party. The quota was increased to 40% during the general elections of the year 2005 (Mencütek,
During war times women were allowed to vote since their husbands were out at war and they needed able voters, even though it was limited, it was still progress. They
Given the oppressive rule of the Taliban, how could women survive without men in their family? The book The Other Side of the Sky by Farah Ahmedi and Tamim Ansary, answers that question by the journey of Farah and her mother. Their journey goes from Afghanistan all the way to America. On this trip, Farah and her mom face many hardships, including their physical injuries and losing their family. In Afghanistan and Pakistan women lacked various rights under Taliban rule that limited their freedoms, but conditions have improved since the Taliban relinquished their power, which shows that given the opportunity women can become independent.
Despites the two varying views on participation, women themselves shared mixed views on what was the best role for them. Marie Meurdrac, who was a French scientist believed that the venture into science was a good thing and discovered that women have potential to be at equal intellectual capacity of men. She states “ I flattered myself… and that if the minds of a women were cultivated like those of men, they would be equal to the minds of the latter” (Doc 2), showing that some women began to believe in the capability of their own intellectual abilities. German entomologist, Maria Sibbylla Merian demonstrates that women should be included in the science world. In her book she describes her push to learn what she is curious about, rather than
The act increased the number of males who could vote in the United Kingdom and Ireland and gave certain women the right to vote. Only males who paid a particular amount of rent or held property worth a certain amount were eligible to vote before the passage of the second reform measure. Women and most men were shut out of the political process. While some women were granted the right to vote under the second reform measure, it did not give them the same rights as males. Women who satisfied specific requirements, such as being single or widowed, and held property worth at least £5, were permitted to cast ballots in municipal elections.
Due to many protest, women finally got the right to vote (Doc
Nowadays our world is changing hourly – its political, social and economic global picture depends on the decisions (more or less important, but still important), which are taken every minute. Sometimes it seems that all significant events have taken place, moreover it was a long time ago. At the same time we forget that there are areas of life, our daily lives, which have been completely different recently. In modern Western societies the right to receive education and to vote for women is natural part of life, contrast to the Third world counties, where women still do not have opportunity to take part in decision-making and influence various spheres of life in their countries. Skeptics may wonder: “What is so special about the fact that women are allowed to vote?”
The early women’s rights organization was developed based upon the standards and experiences of different endeavors to promote social justice and to enhance the human condition. These efforts are known as change. Among these were the Abolition and Temperance movements. The personal and historical connections that united, and on occasion divided the movement for women’s rights existed before 1843, have advanced over the subsequent century and a half. The 1877 Woman’s Suffrage amendment had been initially brought into U.S. Congress.
Equality among people justifies the development of human civilization. The history witnesses how people mistreated the others and how other people fought for freedom. It proves a permanent truth that the more civilized the people are, the less inequality would be promoted. However, there was no one period in the past, even now, without inequality completely. The slavery issue in the West and the gender inequality in the East both brought unimaginable damage for not only the groups of people who were mistreated, but also the society which is supposed to be peaceful, fair and justice.
1.2 Background Females are an integral part of human civilization. No society or country can ever progress without an active participation of female in its general development. The status of female in society is directly linked with social and cultural traditions, stages of economic development achieved, educational levels, attitude of the society towards women, social and religious taboos, women's own awareness and political attainments. Through the centuries, the image and the role of female have been observed and studied in various ways, and the acquired knowledge has been recorded in literature, works of art, religious texts, mythology and codes of social behaviour.
While there is an increase in interest in gender and women studies, many controversies, deficits and gaps are existed in explaining the relationship between perceived gender factors, misogyny in the context of this paper, and women’s political participation through the lenses of comparative political frameworks. It becomes more vivid when discussing and analyzing political effects of gender on women running for offices and especially for the office of commander in chief. The following is a review of academic research, journals, books relating to women in politics and gender studies. This part begins with a review of past studies in the field of gender and misogyny, as well as their relation to political institution including gender stereotypes,
The recent Constitutional amendments (73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments) brought about significant changes in the political scenario of the country with regard to women’s participation in politics. However, in India, attempts to secure political representation in higher political arenas have not been successful. Fresh impetus is required with a modern approach. Indian democracy is 60 years old now, yet the participation of women in politics has actually declined since the days of the freedom movement, both in quantity and
Ladies and gentleman, today I’m going to talk about gender inequality. You must listen to me carefully, we are one of the members of our home - Earth. We need to make our home better! You all know there only exist two sexes. In Chinese, if you want to write both boys and girls together, you need to use word they with Chinese character of “he”.
Gender equity faces obstacles like the lack of education for both boys and girls, and the challenges of deviating from societal stereotypes and norms. Nevertheless, if actors from the private and public sector come together, public policy can be created to strengthen women’s lives and rights. Why Gender Equality is Important A Social Justice Issue Women cannot escape poverty, be adroit, nor become autonomous, if they do not have a good-paying job. This is difficult to attain without higher education, in a society who dismisses their employment applications and that teaches women they are submissive and physically, cognitively, and psychologically inferior to men.
Gender Equality is the only way forward. What is gender equality? Gender equality is achieved when all genders enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society, including economic participation and decision-making, and when the different behaviors, aspirations and needs of women and men are equally valued and favored.
Introduction In India, discriminatory attitude towards men and women have existed for generations and thus it affect the lives of both genders. Although the constitution of India has granted men and women equal rights, but gender gap still remains. Female discrimination violates human rights. These are mostly seen in family land sharing among sisters and brothers.