The articles “Patenting Life” and “Decoding the Use of Gene Patents” are both very interesting for, both deal with the outcomes of using gene patents. Although, the article “Patenting life” involves the cons of gene patenting, the article “Decoding the Use of Gene Patents” demonstrates the pros of using this technique. These topics are seen from two different points of view; they are written by two different men. The author of “Patenting Life” is Michael Crichton, a author, critic, and film producer that earned his degree from Harvard Medical School. On the other hand, John E. Calfee the author of “Decoding the Use of Gene Patents” ,a resident scholar, staff economist and manager. Other than being authors, these two men are very different from …show more content…
He thinks without gene patents there would be advances in finding cures for diseases, as he says “Gene patents slow down the pace of medical advances on deadly diseases.” (Crichton 441). He also states that the cost for these test is ridiculous, due to the patent holder being allowed to decide how much the patent is gonna be worth. The patent holder has the right to choose the price, and block any competitor’s test. Therefore, the price the holder chooses is the one that matters. No one can test for that gene without the holder's permission. The holder basically owns the gene without it being in the holder's body anymore. All the rights belong to the holder, even if those decisions are unethical. Donating a breast cancer gene to another scientist can't be done without getting permission first. Even if the gene is in someone else's body, the gene is still private property. Although, humans share mostly the same genes as do animals patenting genes should not be allowed. As Crichton says “You can’t patent snow, eagles, or gravity, and you shouldn’t be able to patent genes, either,” (Crichton 441), states that genes should be treated as something
In the article written by ANNAS had a guy named Justice Broussard who backed me up by saying that since the patients don’t have a right to their cells when they leave their body and only people that have rights to them are the drug and medical companies (ANNAS, 1190). This just proves that us patients are losing finically since we do not get a cut of the profit these companies and doctors get from our cells in research. It also breaks the fairness principle in the CFP
The court said doctors said researchers should disclose financial interests in patient tissues”(Skloot 205).
The scientific community and the media are guilty of viewing Henrietta and her family as abstractions; they did not give the Lacks family a fair trial, they’ve yet to give her family any form of compensation for the success of her cell line, and operated on Henrietta like a science fair project. In the non-fiction narrative The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, written by Rebecca Skloot, it states, “The fact that no one had sued over the growth or ownership of the HeLa cell line, he said, illustrated that patients didn’t mind when doctors took their cells and turned them into commercial products.” (204) This is unfair to the Lacks family because the fraud lawyer, Keenan Kester Cofield, deceived them. Although he is a con artist, he has a wide spectrum of knowledge about law than the Lackses really have about anything; they’ve had little to no education, and they barely knew anything about the HeLa cell line.
Crichton and Calfee share the same concerns, but they have both come to different conclusions regarding the future that gene patenting holds on research. In one case, Crichton discusses the cost that these patent holders can have on the medicine that is made by conducting research on genes. In such instances, Crichton discussed of how patents are slowing down research and raising the costs of testings done to determine certain illnesses. Crichton states that “Buchanan talks about testing for breast cancer that they raise cost exorbitantly: a test for breast cancer that could be done for $1,000 now costs $3,000” (441). He then informs that no one else can test for it, the genes can't be donated to others, and it's technically not their property (441).
And although, these privacy protections did not cover genetic information, 12 years later congress passed the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) to fill the gap. (Stump) The National Institute of Health’s (NIH) now requires strict ethical standards including informed consent from all researchers seeking funding. These are steps in the right direction but just like anyone working in the medical field would tell you, there is still more to be done to ensure complete patient privacy and informed consent is the norm in every branch within the medical community. Whereas it took many years for the medical community to acknowledge the violations and origin of Henrietta’s cells it reassuring to see the progress that has been made to stamp out bad ethical behaviors.
Both of these authors wrote science fiction for the most part. They both really liked to write with a very imaginative style. In this they both created story with a lot of personification and out of this world personalities. Both of their writing were very suspenseful in: “There Will Come Soft Rains” and “The Tell Tale Heart”. Both of these stories in some way end off pretty sad or scary in a way and have a very suspenseful spot or a large peak in a story.
Anyone can use these genetic samples for themselves and even manipulate with it such as used in genetic enginering. Eventhough, this project was denied from patent claim from Indigenous groups they plan to get informed consent. Which brings alot of questions who gives this
The deliberation of bioethics in human cell and stem cell research has flip-flopped altercations between whether stem cell research corrupts the future or if basic ethical uses in clinical research are being held to its standards. The idea of having genetically altered drugs and cells sits with people the wrong way, and with that they have come to the decision that cell research will cause more problems than it stopping them. However, while a majority of people and scientists believe genetic engineering is an evil corruption of nature’s course, genetic engineering has the greatest potential to do something great for our future, but it is our moralistic responsibility to follow the rules of bioethics. The author of The Immortal Life of Henrietta
Not only are these two writers phenomenal in their style of writing but, they each served in the US military which gives readers a more in depth look into the feelings the men in their stories actually
Patents are granted by national governments to applicants who establish that an invention is new, useful, and not "obvious" to someone in the same technical area as the inventor. But are patents a tool for promoting the development of medical treatments for patients or merely a roadblock to access to health care? This is a perennial question to which there are often strenuous opinions. The increasingly important intersection between patents, health care access and innovation has further made the issue controversial. Whether there is any need to "choose" between patents and patients is an intriguing yet controversial question.
In my opinion, this scientist has the right to risk his own life for a potentially better outcome than nature has given him, being diagnosed with an incurable disease.
ELSI program or Ethical, Legal, and Social Implication were the most important part of the human genome project which was started parallel with it. The objective of the ELSI program was to find solution for the problems arising in the genomic research that affects individuals, families, and society. The four main areas ELSI program focused on the possible consequences of genomic research were Privacy and fairness in use of genetic information - the potential for genetic discrimination in employment and insurance. Ethical issues in designing and conducting of genetic research with people The integration of new genetic technologies - the practice of clinical medicine and genetic testing
Should or should we not prohibit genetically engineered babies is the question to ask. After years and year of trying to figure out the cure for a disease like a mitochondrial disease, a group of professional on the topic believes that it would greatly benefit the baby ’s outcome exceptionally if their parents has harmful genetics. Most people concern would be how the baby would turn out because there have not been any clinical trials that prove that the genetics that is engineered properly work like they should. I personally believe that the genetics of baby should not be engineered, but I do believe that it should be up to the parent of the children since it is their child in the first place.
There has been controversy over the claims made for some patents, for example, Myriad Genetics patents over the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes . Myriad has used its patents to attempt to limit any other company from conducting breast cancer gene tests for these two genes, and they cover both genes and proteins and are claiming to cover the modes of action of the genes as well. This issue has faced strong criticism , on the grounds of morality Patent regulation provides numerous examples of how policy decisions have consequences that run counter to what was intended by the makers or supporters of those decisions, most the time they’re intended with a good cause in mind but up otherwise. One reason stems from the fact that when powerful and organized business interests consider that a new reform hinders their opportunities and they are unable to influence policy makers, interests (Myriad). They may achieve this through alternative legal means or by the adoption of new
Many people assume of course they would take it because it will predict if they are at risk of getting a disease or not. However, if I had a choice to get genetic tested I would not take the opportunity for multiple reasons. In the first place, genetic testing invades our privacy. Yes, I have given them my DNA for testing but do they really keep my genetic information a secret?