Genetic Engineering In Agriculture
Genetic Engineering - Application in Agriculture
Introduction
The process of manually adding new DNA to an organism is called genetic engineering, and also being termed as recombinant DNA technology, which aims to add one or more new traits that are not found in that organism naturally (Nebraska, 2001). One of the examples of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is agriculture plants. GM foods are used to term the foods which are produces from or using GMOs.
Why are GM foods produced?
The main reason of producing GMOs is to greatly reduce the risk of cops being lost due to extreme weather conditions and also to improve the crop productions. (What Genetic Engineering In Agriculture Can Achieve, 2013) Also, it allows either the producer or
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Level of crop protection could be increased by the following methods: promote the ideas of resistance against plant diseases which caused by pests or viruses, and increase the tolerance of plants towards herbicides. By doing so, the use of pesticides could be greatly reduced and hence, reduce water pollution. These are achieved by incorporating into the plants the relevant genes. For instance, gene which responsible for toxin production, herbicides or virus resistance. As a result, there would be higher crop productions and greater food security. (Phillips, 2008)
Another objective for GM foods is to enhance the nutrient composition. For example, the golden rice. The golden rice have been modified by a gene which makes it self-produce beta carotene. Beta carotene is essential for humans to make Vitamin A which helps prevent
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Additionally, low dietary intake of iron, Vitamin A, iodine and zinc is the most damaging micronutrient deficiencies in the world, mostly in Southeast Asia and Africa. As mentioned earlier in this report, the golden rice. Beta-carotene, also known as provitamin A, is being found that it does not present in the rice seeds after thousands of screening for this trait. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) most severely affecting small children and pregnant women. The medical consequences of VAD are impaired vision and fetal. 1011Other studies support the idea that widespread consumption of golden rice would reduce VAD, saving thousands of lives. Therefore, the rice needs to be genetically modified to produce own beta-carotene to solve the problem of VAD. (Anderson,
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