On general examination patient was slightly poorly built for her age. Extra oral examination revealed incompetent lips with the enlarged gingiva palpable on the right cheek. On intra oral examination diffuse gingival enlargement which is pinkish red in colour, involving the marginal, papillary and attached gingival in relation to the labial aspect of 11 to 14, buccal aspect of 41 to 48 and lingual aspect of 43 to 45. The enlargement is firm in consistency. Pathologic migration of 11, 12 and 13 was noted.
His BCVA was 20/25 in the RE and 20/20 in the left. The anterior segment and intra-ocular pressure(IOP) was normal in both eyes. Fundus examination of the RE showed yellow white drusen of different sizes located in the macular and peripapillary areas. The larger drusen were roundish, confluent, and located mainly around the macular area; most of these drusen were ill-defined with blurred borders. The smaller drusen were mainly visible in the peripheral part of the lesion and radially arranged.
The presence of mucogingival problems and gingival recession around anterior, highly visible teeth exemplifies a situation in which a treatment modality that addresses both biological and aesthetic demands is required from the therapist. A variety of soft tissue augmentation procedures directed at root coverage have been documented in the literature utilizing autogenous or allogenic soft tissue grafting or guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness of newer materials in gingival augmentation procedures. INTRODUCTION In the recent years, with changing concepts and
2. Type B: cervical part is located centrally, between the mesial and distal root complexes. Morphology: The radix paramolaris (RP) is located mesiobuccally. The dimensions of RP may vary from short conical extension to a mature root which can be separate or fuse. Few observations can be made from various studies, i.e.
The corneal thinning that occurs in Pellucid Marginal Degeneration is identified by 1- 2 mm of inferior peripheral thinning, spreading from the 4 o' clock to 8 o' clock positions [4]. This thinning represents the clinical feature of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration in view of it resembling a crescent shaped band [2]. The area of approximately 1-2 mm between the thinning cornea and the limbus remains unaffected and the centre of the cornea maintains its normal thickness [1,5]. The standard corneal sensation remains intact [6]. In some cases following corneal thinning, acute hydrops or corneal perforation may result.
Introduction- The purpose of this paper is to discuss a rarest case of hidden maxillary tooth in infra-orbital space following trauma. Pediatric dental injuries leading to traumatic tooth displacement is common in children, although it very rare and sometimes challenging to diagnose and treat traumatically embedded tooth in vital tissue spaces which may lead to serious complications if ignored. Case report- A 4-year old male child was brought with injuries on his face and mouth and swelling over left side of face, resulting from fall. The intra-oral examination revealed absence of all maxillary incisors. The paranasal sinus view showed a vague tooth-like object embedded in the floor of left orbit.
However a single non-conservative mutation (Arg345Trp) in the gene EFEMP1 (for EGF-containing fibrillin-like extracellular matrix protein 1) was found to be responsible for ML.4 However, the diagnosis of ML is clinical. On fundus examination, the most prominent feature of ML is the development of small and large drusen which can develop as early as adolescence. Initially, small drusen, located in the macular area and on the nasal edge of the optic disc, show a radial distribution to the peripheral retina and, in the later stage of the disease, they progressively increase and confluent in honeycomb appearance.5 Patients with ML may occasionally present with choroidal neovascularization (CNV).6 We report the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) features of ML compared with our observations on fundus examination, autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in XX eyes. METHODS Ten eyes of five consecutive patients affected with ML (xx females, xx male) were prospectively included. They presented to Ophthalmology Department of Intercity Hospital, Creteil, France, between Mars 2016 to May 2016 with complaints of metamorphopsia or loss of vision.
The clinical examination revealed he had a bony hard, non- tender swelling, extending from the posterior border of the mandible upto tragus of the right ear, while the overlying skin was devoid of any secondary changes. (Figure 1 & Figure 2). The lateral oblique radiograph of the jaw revealed a unilocular radiolucent lesion extending from the distal surface of the first permanent mandibular molar, involving almost entire ramus encapsulating an unerupted tooth within the (Figure 3) ,with intact lower/inferior border of the mandible . As there was no cystic fluid available, provisional diagnosis of unilocular ameloblastoma was made. Routine blood investigation did not reveal any abnormal findings.
INTRODUCTION Maxillofacial injuries have remained serious clinical problems because of the specificity of this anatomical region.1 Mandible in its vulnerable position and anatomic configuration is one of the most frequent facial bones to be involved in traumatic injuries with resultant fracture even though, it is considered the strongest and most rigid bone in the facial skeleton2 Weakest region of the mandible to fracture is the angle. Approximately 50% of fractures of the mandible involve areas with teeth and are the most important factor in determining where the fracture occurs.3 The presence of third molar is associated with 2-3 fold increased risk of angle fractures compared with the absence of third molar, and are most likely to occur in teens and twenties. This is of clinical interest because this age is most likely to have unerupted third molar.4,5 Mandibular angle fractures follow a pattern common to many injuries and this depends on multiple factors including direction, amount of force, presence of soft tissue bulk, and biomechanical characteristics of the mandible such as bone density,
Then the patient was subjected for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). On MRI scan, there was a large lesion composing vascular spaces which were seen extending into the floor of mouth and right parapharyngeal space. There was an exophytic component of the lesion causing partial obliteration of oral cavity. On Dynamic Contrast MRI there was gradual progressive contrast retention within the vascular spaces and no significant arterial feeders and early draining veins were noted (Fig 2 C-F). The imaging diagnosis of slow flow venous malformation was considered.