On a dry seed weight basis, chickpea has a higher amount of β-carotene than the ‘golden rice’ endosperm or the red-colored wheat. β-carotene being the most abundant and widely distributed carotenoid in plants which is converted into vitamin A more efficiently than other types of carotenoids[33]. 2. Isoflavones The antioxidant capacity, anti-mutagenic, apoptosis-related and anti-proliferative effects of chickpea are associated with the presence of phenolic composites in the seeds[34]. Of these, two main phenolic compounds found in chickpea are the isoflavones, biochanin A and formononetin.
1.1 Composition and uses The green pods of cluster bean are as rich in food value as that of french bean 1.2 Composition of cluster bean green pod (per 100 g of edible portion) S. No. Name of Mineral/Vitamin Quantity (g/mg/IU) 1. Moisture 81.0 2. Carbohydrates 10.8 3. Protein 3.2 4.
Comparative study of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers on micronutrient availability, growth and yield parameters of pigeon pea INTRODUCTION Pigeon pea is one of the important pulses crop in India contributing 16% of total pulses production. It is the second most important pulse grown after chick pea covering an area of 4.42 m ha (Mula et al., 2014). In most of the country, pigeon pea is consumed as a split dal besides other uses of various plant parts where it is commonly known as arhar in India. It is known that pigeon pea has high content of protein ( 20-22 % ), therefore it is used in regular diet supplementing various highly nutritious cereal crop (Saxena et al., 2010 ). But it is mostly grown as an intercrop with maize, groundnut, castor, green gram, cotton ( Kumar et al., 2014 ).
Information on cowpea marketing and trade is lacking and data on cowpea production economics scattered because marketing research has focused on export crops such as cocoa, coffee, cotton, groundnut and to a lesser extent cereals (Van der Laan cited by Langyintou, et al., 2003). 2.4.1 Food and health benefits Cowpea can be used at all stages of growth hence serves as an important source of food in Africa, Asia, Southern Europe, Central and South America (Nielson et al., 1993; Singh et al., 1997; Ahenkora et al., 1998). It is a source of vegetable protein and minerals for about 70% of Ghana’s population and the second most important grain legume, and currently a food security crop (MoFA, 2010). The mature dried seeds, immature seeds and pods and young leaves of cowpea constitute food for human consumption in Africa (Asare,
Introduction Sweet sorghum is an annual C4 plant having high concentration of sugars in stalks and can be used as a biofuel crop (Rooney et al., 2007). It can be grown successfully in semi-arid regions and known as the sugarcane of the desert. This plant can produce 45-65 t/ha stalk yield and 3-7 t/ha sugar yield in short duration with less water requirement like rain fed crops (Rao et al., 2013). Improvement in stalk yield and sugar accumulation is the major concern of sweet sorghum production. Differences in nutrient can change yield in sweet sorghum.
Bambara groundnut which is primarily grown for its edible seeds are lower in oil content compared to groundnuts, but higher in protein and carbohydrates. The seeds may be consumed fresh, grilled or it may be soaked and boiled before consumption (Sirivongpaisal, 2008). The varieties of the seeds have four colours which are black, red, brown and cream. Although it is a nutritious crop and underutilized in Nigeria. The crop is essentially grown for human
The other kind of mung grew in the Northern India (smaller-seeded mung) These types of mung beans then reached to China and other areas of Southeast Asia. Thailand people have eaten mung beans about 22 years and then it cultivated in Africa around 9th or 10th century. Today, Mung beans are the most famous in India, Southeast Asia and also in the Europe and the U.S. Every year U.S consumed
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa (Asian rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies (Sharif et al., 2014). It is the grain with the third-highest worldwide production, after maize (corn) and wheat, according to 2012 FAOSTAT data (Data of FAOSTAT). Since a large portion of maize crops are grown for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by the human species (Smith & Bruce, 1998). However, due to the use of chemical fertilizers,
Asia accounts for over 91% of the world's production of rice and the main producers are China and India (figure 1-A) Figure 1: A- Average prodution of rice,paddy by region, 1996-2016/ B- Production yeild and area harvested quantities of rice, paddy in world, 1996-2006 (Source: FAOSTAT) Area harvested rice, paddy and the production of rice increases with time due to increasing population and high demand (figure 1-B). Global rice production more than tripled between 1961 and 2010, with a compound growth rate of 2.24% per year (2.21% in rice- producing Asia) 1.3.2 Sri Lankan Rice
Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima are the only two cultivated species of rice while the other species are wild. Oryza sativa is commonly grown in Asia, North and South America, Europe and Africa. Oryza glaberrima is highly grown in West African but due to higher yields of O.sativa and O. glaberrima-sativa varieties;