Types Of Transnational Migration

There is no doubt that China is the biggest worldwide supplier of emigrants nowadays. Many Chinese residents, regardless of their wealth or social status, the low-skilled and the high-talented alike, to some extent wish to start a new living in other countries; The poor and the unskilled usually immigrate through the form of illegal immigrants and seek to gain new opportunities in their new home, while the elites pursue a better quality of life in the developed nations, which may provide better educational, medical, and environmental standards. Among the two types of cohorts that emigrate from China, the migration of the latter is the focus of controversy. This “diaspora” phenomenon is a particularly serious problem in that the loss of the

Diasporas have acted as donors as they transfer parts of their overseas wealth to the welfare of their countries of origin. (Ho, Boyle, Yeoh 2014) According to the World Bank’s Remittances Data in 2011, remittances inflows into China have constantly increased since 2000, reaching more than 50 billion dollars in 2010. Besides, the decrease of labor force inside China can reduce domestic unemployment, which will contribute to an increase in real wages. Thus, the outflow of Chinese nationals to other economies can be balanced by the remittances expatriates send back to their hometown and the improvement of employment conditions.

Moreover, statistics reveal that the return rate of Chinese students studying abroad shows a substantial increasing trend in recent years. Evidence from China’s Ministry of Education proves that in the past decade, return migration has increased more significantly than outflows. Since the number of returnees began to increase in 2000, the return rate surged after 2008, while the pace of increase in the outflow of students from China slowed down during the same period. (Xiang, 2016) Hence, it is anticipated that the net loss of Chinese students will gradually

From 2001 to 2008, India was the top sender of students to America. (Luo, 2013) As those Indian students began to demonstrate their ability after graduation from school, people around the world began to acknowledge that Indian high-end students are smart and hard-working in the earlier half of the 2010s. The same goes for China. China is the country that sends the most students to America since 2009, but in order for these students to display their skills in the real world, we have to wait for them to graduate and enter into society. Once Chinese students start receiving compliments and praises, the overall image of China and its national competitiveness will be improved, which definitely is, though uncountable and intangible, a valuable asset and a strong potential for a nation.

There is little doubt that the best and the brightest of Chinese-origin academics have not returned, and this seemingly is not a positive factor to China for the moment. However, if we broaden our view and appraise China’s emigration situation, we can see that it can help in both economic and noneconomic aspects. A brain gain does not necessarily have to mean the physical return of high-skilled people back to China; If China can obtain direct economic compensation and indirect reinforcement of national competence, the present brain drain will transform into a brain gain