Globalization Labor Movement

While shopping at a clothing store and purchasing name-brand clothing, consumers are often heedless toward the harrowing and terrible conditions their clothing was produced in. Perhaps they are misinformed about the blood, sweat, and tears the price of fashion truly costs. Or maybe they choose to politely ignore one of the nation’s most problematic issues- child labor and sweatshops. There are numerous factors that contributed to the horrible working conditions of sweatshops, both in the past and present day.

“I want to emphasize that to address the shortage of scientists and engineers, we must do both – reform our education system and our immigration policies. If we don’t, American companies simply will not have the talent they need to innovate and compete.” As Bill Gates stated in 2008, immigration policies for skilled workers have always been an issue. High-tech firms advocate passionately about reforming immigration systems as they are facing shortage of skilled workers, but labor unions and conservative immigration groups, by contrast, strongly oppose to it. As one of the most immigrant friendly countries in the world, the United States certainly has a large number of foreign skilled workers as well as foreign students inflow every year. For international students, except experiencing world-leading education system, possible chance of working for American companies permanently is also one of the drive factors to choose America over other countries.

One of the major issues that current political discourse in America and the West revolves around is mass immigration from undeveloped nations to the developed nations of the West, primarily from Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America to the United States and from the Middle East and North Africa to Western Europe. In general, the left side of the political spectrum supports open borders and increased immigration while the right supports secured borders and decreased immigration. Immigration in moderation is undoubtedly beneficial to economic health. Neither side of mainstream politics denies the benefits of moderate immigration; however, both sides disagree on how much “moderate immigration” is. To arrive at a conclusion on what amount of

Hot conditions, dirty buildings, and long, tiring hours are some of the many obstacles sweatshop workers have to endure. Sweatshops, an on-going issue in many countries, began in South American countries like Ecuador and Columbia. The Spanish Conquers would put the people living in their city to work by making cloth, garments and textile goods. This is the earliest form of sweatshops, and from there they only got worse. They grew more popular when immigrants were moving around the country. Immigrants would accept these jobs because they figured that it was better to have a bad job than no job. Since the immigrants did not have enough power to stand up for themselves and change the conditions, they had to accept the bad conditions and continue

Globalization as a process carries its value that has been promoted by the United States since the postwar period. Broad consensus has been reached among policy-makers and scholars to establish neoliberal international trade policies for the promotion of open world market and the determination of the dollar value through the market. America received striking benefits soon. Domestic industries began to compete with foreign ones in the result of significant reduction in cost and rise in financial flow. For example, the US World merchandise has increased from less than 10% of the world GDP to nearly 20% of it from 1950s to 1990s. (Krugman, 1995) Booming patterns were showing in imports and exports. In 1970s, American-made manufactured

Why do immigrants come? How do they do? How do immigrants affect their destination countries? How does emigration affect source countries? Analyses provide clear answers to why people immigrate and how they do in their new country. There is considerable and often heated controversy over the impacts of immigration on destination and source countries.

It’s estimated that over 168 million people work in sweatshops making products for the consumer but at astonishing low prices who could complain? Working conditions, despite being subpar, are designed to be efficient and inexpensive to run. In such an efficient system products are able to be mass produced supplying the world market with garments at low prices. Most workers do not make more than a few dollars a day but are able to support themselves. Sweatshops are integral to the economies and well being of workers in underdeveloped regions.

The systematic problem of housing segregation could not be perpetuated without the racist complicity of individuals (Kenn, 2002). Housing segregation is a crucial issue since inequalities in housing mostly bring about other forms of social and economic or social exclusion. The majority of European countries, to a greater or lesser extent, have some form of residential segregation, which is defined by sociologists as spatial separation of different population groups within a single geographic area. The parts where individuals from a lower socio-economic class are living are usually characterized by mediocre housing, limited or non-existent public resources and institutions, and a long journey to the nearest places of work, education and healthcare (European Commission,

Karl Marx (1818-1883), the significant revolutionary thinker, historian and philosopher of the 19th century is best known for his critique of capitalism. As a philosopher, his ideas became very relevant at that time due to the rise of industrialization in Europe. Marx began to become politically and socially active as he was influenced by the thoughts of Hagel, which started to shape his political philosophy. His activities as a thinker produced many significant works, which historians categorize into three different parts, his writings in the early years, mid years, and later years. Historians distinguish between the different time periods of his writings because it shows the philosophical progression in his work. In his early times of writing,

This section identifies and organizes recent empirical research that examines economic growth’s relationship with immigration, human capital, industry and development of technology. In theory, economic growth and development are different concepts. Growth and development often occur simultaneously, however, in the long run, growth and development may indicate different goals: growth emphasis efficiency at the moment, while development emphasizes sustainable and progressive change. Growth means more output (sometimes more input or higher efficiency), while development implies both increase in output and changes in the technical and institutional arrangements by which it is produced (Kindleberger 1958).

    Karl Marx is known for his concerns and disagreements regarding capitalism.  Although his theory and writings are from the 1800’s, much of his writings are still prevalent in today's society and economy.  This is shown in the two articles, “Qatar World Cup construction 'will leave 4,000 migrant workers dead'” and “As Its Laborers Die, Qatar Fights to Keep World Cup”.  Two concepts that Marx is known for that are portrayed in both of these articles are capitalism and alienation of workers in the production process.

Most people believe that we are now living in a happy, peaceful and prosperous era; however, it is just an ideal illusion. The reality is that people who live in the developing city are still suffering from unemployment, famine, homeless, and sickness. As a result, sweatshops exist. How do sweatshops change people’s life? First impression that in people’s mind is that sweatshops take away labor’s human right and life. Hence, anyone has even think that sweatshops may give labor a new hopeful life with higher living standard and social life? It is a moral dilemma that sweatshops bring both pros and cons; however, the existence of sweatshops is inevitable because of the employees’ intentions, employers’ productivity and the customers’ decision. Every coin has two sides, if we can improve the working environment, eradicate the abuses and set laws to protect the labor’s basic right, sweatshops can become a warm-to-shop place that benefit to employees, employers and customers.

Migration policies assign different types of residency and work permits which carry different rights. These may pertain to the duration of the permit and possibility of its renewal, access to the labor market, and the possibility of applying for permanent residency or citizenship. It has been found that immigrants enjoy positive returns to citizenship of the host country (e.g., Steinhardt, 2012; Steinhardt and Wedemeier, 2012; Gathmann and Keller 2014; Bevelander and Pendakur, 2012), implying that more liberal naturalization laws may have a positive impact on immigrants’ labor market integration.

Globalization is a key theme that has been discussed in almost all of the above articles. Aguilar and Herod’s (2006) article argues that cleaners in the contemporary economy continue to suffer low wages and poor working conditions because of neo-liberalization. Neo-liberalization has resulted in many companies embracing the outsourcing of employees to save up on wages and social security benefits. From Banerjee’s (2007) article, it is clear that neo-liberalization and globalization are the main reasons that have led to an increase in working hours. This has made many companies restructure job designations because they want to maintain the long working hours and low wages. From Vanden-Broek’s (2002) article, it is clear that technological advancements

The society is brimming with the multidimensional employment issues. The global sweatshop is one of such issues across many countries. In view of sweatshop, a workstation which breaches at least two or more labor laws can be termed as a sweatshop. By and large, these factories encompass child labor concerns, deplorable work conditions in common with imbalanced remunerations, prolonged working hours and dearth of benefits. As a matter of fact, many developing countries accompanied by the US are the abode of the global sweatshop (Lewis, 2012). For example, the footwear and clothing industry seem to be interwoven with sweatshop theme. Having worked for the even international brands, such companies do not agree to give wages or written contracts to their employees. For example, companies from India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Philippines and other countries have poor work settings and wage standard in spite of having business linkage with