Globalization In Portland, Oregon

I have lived in East Oakland my whole life. To the majority of people, the mention of East Oakland evokes thoughts of violence, shootings, and gangs. I was one of the people who believed in these stereotypes, and for a particularly long time. I was one of the people who saw Oakland as a wasteland, a place with nothing to offer me, and a place I had nothing to offer to.

A brief history of the area shows that the population was predominantly White in the 1950’s, then changed to being more diverse while being predominantly Black, and is now packed with Asian culture. The diversity in 1950 was 67.7% White, 32.3% Black, and 0.7% Other (1950 Decennial). Then in 1980 it changed to 38.6% White, 42.8% Black, and 4.9% Asian (1980 Decennial). Now the recent statistics about Main Street are 9.3% White, 29.4% Black, and 40.6% Asian (2014 American Community Survey).

General Purpose: To inform my audience of Gentrification in the Norther part of Chicago around the 1960s.

Globalization and its implications appear to have controversial opinions around the world on whether it truly benefits countries. There is no doubt that advances in technology have enabled us to become more interconnected with the world around us; further shaping how we interact with each other, how businesses conduct themselves, and how cities are formed. Growing up in Toronto witnessing the significant changes to neighborhoods, the never ending horizon of cranes, increases in property value, it’s evident that Toronto has become a world city and the attraction to potential migrants is promising. The following paper will examine globalization and its effect on Toronto using personal direct observations (as a long-term resident) combined with findings from academic literature. Globalization has aided in bringing Toronto to the forefront as a world city and hub for innovation.

Lance Freeman, an associate professor of urban planning in Columbia, wanted to investigate if there was any displacement going on in two predominantly black neighborhoods that was briskly gentrifying. Much to his dismay, he couldn’t find any correlation between gentrification and displacement. What was surprising to Freeman was his discovery, “poor residents and those without a college education were actually less likely to move if they resided in gentrifying neighborhoods”. (Sternbergh, 19) Freeman adds, “The discourse on gentrification, has tended to overlook the possibility that some of the neighborhood changes associated with gentrification might be appreciated by the prior residents.” (Sternbergh, 19) Essentially, we can concur that a blighted neighborhood that goes through gentrification doesn’t displace the current residents living there, but in fact makes the residents want to stay. With gentrification the area becomes safer, more businesses open up and the neighborhoods become a welcoming, family friendly place to live. Without gentrification a blighted neighborhood stays, as is, a neglected area that doesn’t attract businesses or

Jane Addams the founder of the Hull houses is quoted "the streets are inexpressibly dirty, the number of schools inadequate. Sanitary legislation unenforced (PBS.org). These situation are similar to the current state of blacks in America today. The richer White people live in neighborhoods with proper schools and cleaner streets. Mark McQuillan state that “twenty-eight percent of White whom live in major metro areas, live in mostly white suburbs and exurbs (More Live in U.S.

After recent protests in Baltimore, Badger (2016) explores the nature of policies set in the early 1900’s that have shaped the city of Baltimore, and that continue to have an effect on their quality of life. Actions such as redlining and urban renewal have perpetuated poverty and segregation in the same neighborhoods today as 75 year ago. This article calls attention to the effect of system-wide race discrimination in Baltimore, and how policies create a cyclical link between race and disadvantage in communities.

Louis were predominantly black people live suffer from lack of jobs which then makes people rob and steal for what they need to survive. There is a list of problems that can be named about East St. Louis but one main problem is there air pollution from these chemical plants. As kozol writes in Savages Inequality “The city, which by night and day is clouded by the fumes that pour from vents and smokestacks at the Pfizer and Monsanto chemical plants, has one of the highest rates of child asthma in America”(9-10). The tremendous effect that these chemical plants have on people is horrible and life threatening. Another problem at East St Louis has is there sewer problem which is flowing from collapsed pipes and dysfunctional stations, has also flooded basements all over the city. Which means that some homes are unsanitary and unlivable due to sewage backup in there homes. You would think that most people would complain but as Kozol writes “In 1989 the mayor announced that he might need to sell the city hall in court judgment to a creditor. East St. Louis is mortgaged into the next century but has the highest property-tax rate in the state. So as you see there is no structure and no city

Due to Urban Renewal people lost their homes. Two-thirds of all people displaced due to Urban Renewal were black or latino.

The idea of equality for all people, regardless of their race, is instilled in the American society of today. Unfortunately, this idea has not always been present, which ultimately has caused many issues for America’s society in the past. As discussed in the book Our Town: Race, Housing, and the Soul of Suburbia, David L. Kirp focuses on the inequality that was found between the low-income blacks and the middle class whites in a South Jersey town, Mount Laurel. At the time, the whites had a goal of running the blacks out of the town by making the costs of housing expensive enough where blacks could not afford it. This lead to unequal treatment for the blacks who lived in Mount Laurel compared to the whites when it came to housing opportunities.

Wilder shows how gentrification can go wrong. He blames the government for allowing families to be homeless. If the government were to stop, education reforms that cause school privatization in low-income districts or hospital closures or anything that strains the working class people any further, Wilder explains, then working class communities will survive and no families will be displaced because of gentrification. A solution to the problem Wilder provides is found in Oldenburg’s article. If these communities that are no longer working and are at the risk of becoming gentrified, then some work can be put into it by people who truly care about the community enabling it to build up and become better. People like Moran or Sher can help these dying communities live again. Moran and Sher, along with Oldenburg, support rebuilding a neighborhood rather than gentrifying it and that can be a solution for preventing

This chapter examined how different white residents viewed diversity as some viewed it as positive and negative. It also examines day to day interactions between white and non-white residents. On one hand, whites were attracted to the diversity in Creekridge Park but others see diversity as a negative effect of affordable housing. Other than those two views, some people moved to Creekridge Park simply because they were attracted to its taste instead of because it had positive economic benefits. I found that this chapter addressed the main point of this because it explained interracial relations by exploring what members of the neighborhood thought about diversity. By examining how residents view diversity, the author could then examine how that would affect their day to day interactions with white and non-white

1. What is the nature of community? How do you define neighborhood? What are the differences between community and neighborhood?

Situated in historically marginalized racial minority and urban communities it results in the impoverished community being ill-prepared to compete in neoliberalism’s rules of engagement because such communities have little economic, social or political power. The remainder of this essay will address current rebuilding strategies in Baltimore within the framework of the three strategies of urban neliberalization described above (see table 1 for outline). Before doing so it is important to provide context from the past ways racialized neoliberalization community building existed pre-late1900’s. While the label “neoliberalization” became synonymous with the evolving US political economy during the Reagan administration, many of its strategies have been in practice for decades previous, perhaps with greater government oversight, more social welfare, and not as much private ownership of public goods -as a white supremacist liberal political economic system (Kendall 2003). The right of the white individual to secure outcomes in their best interest through a free market system permeates the past liberal and current neoliberal political economies of the US. In the current era of globalization and commodities speculation a broader range and diversity of participants from across the world and larger