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Literature Review On Extrinsic Motivation

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Literature Review
Teachers everywhere and every day are faced with students who do not seem to care or who do not want to work. As this lack of engagement is becoming more common, researchers are focusing their studies on the concept of motivating reluctant learners (e.g., Brophy, (1998); Csikszentmihalyi, (1990); Lumsden, (1994). Gredler (2005) defines motivation as a process that influences one’s choice of and continuance in particular behaviors. McDevitt & Ormrod,(2004) defines motivation as the energy and the desire that is innate within all individuals, and high levels directed toward a particular situation resulting in greater amounts of energy expended on that task .
Both these definitions point to the fact that motivation is what enables …show more content…

This theory talks about two kinds of goals, one known as Mastery Goal, which is a result of intrinsic motivation and the other called Ego goal, which is a result of, extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation are explained by Urdan & Schoenfelder (2006). Intrinsic motivation comes from within and causes a person to be self determined and focused on achieving the goal. Extrinsic motivation is influenced by external factors, such a rewards, punishments, and encouragement from those around. I feel that intrinsic motivation is the driver for sustained focus. Having said that, extrinsic reasons do add to or act as deterrents to intrinsic motivation …show more content…

A total of 232 students (162 females (70%), and 70 males (30%)) participated in this study by responding to the instrument. The analysis showed that the first factor was about teachers’ feedback, enthusiasm, knowledge of the subject matter, and professional attitude. Discussing about teachers attitude to students, Brewer & Burgess, (2005) emphasize that college teachers should maintain a positive attitude towards students, a teacher’s personal characteristics and attitudes, are of great importance in motivating students in a classroom, much more than teaching methods and classroom management. A teacher with an open mind, who is friendly, caring and enthusiastic and one who knows the students names and needs, would have a better rapport in the classroom with students, which is very important in making the students want to come to class. The second factor was teaching methods, using different teaching methods is very important to keep up the motivation level in a class. The third factor was classroom management. Keeping an open, positive atmosphere in a classroom is important (Ibtesam, 2011). In order for students to become their own teachers and develop independent learning skills, a teacher needs to know about the principles that guide motivated learning. Teachers being aware of the

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