The Bayonne Bridge is the fifth-longest steel arch bridge in the world, and was the longest in the world at the time of its completion. The bridge became a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1985. Ammann, the master bridge builder and chief architect of the Port Authority, chose the steel arch design after rejecting a cantilever andsuspension design as expensive and impractical for the site, given a requirement by the Port Authority that the bridge must be able to accommodate the future addition of rapid transit tracks.The eventual design of the bridge called for a graceful arch that soars 266 feet (69 m) above the Kill Van Kull and supports a road bed for 1,675 feet (511 m) without intermediary piers. The total length of the bridge is 5,780 feet
This construction project included 5 main components, tower construction, anchorage construction, cable construction, deck construction and railway track construction. During those construction process, all the workers were working under a high-risk circumstance. So a comprehensive method statement is essential for the project. Content Abstract General Introduction Background Construction Theory and Comparison Scope of Work Challenges and Consideration Safety Method Statement Conclusion Appendix Reference General Introduction The name of Tsing Ma Bridge comes from its location, Tsing Ma Bridge cross over Tsing Yi and Ma Wan. Tsing Ma Bridge is the world longest suspension bridge, which carrying both railway and road, with the main span 1,377 m and total length of 2,160 m. It is also 97 m longer than the San Francisco’s famous Golden Gate.
This made Shropshire an ideal location for the Darby family to construct the first iron cast bridge. The bridge was mainly constructed to allow accesses across the gorge. Construction started on the bridge in 1779 and the bridge was opened to the public on 1st of January. The iron bridge is known as “The Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution” the bridge was very important in introducing new materials to the manufacturing industry. Thomas Pritchard an architect from Shrewsbury worked alongside John Wilkinson the ironmaster and the Darby family in making the bridge.
Strategic demolition on parts of the bridge so that each section was manageable and thoughtful since lead paint containment was a large concern for them. In Facing a challenging 42 month construction schedule, planning how to transport cars across the river while the bridge was being demolished and rebuilt, weather delays, lead removal from ½” layer and containing the construction debris, having two trailers on either side of the lake (depending on where they were on the bridge), constructing while designing the bridge, figuring out the flow of traffic and schedule to move cars across, operating at certain times to use explosive demolition of bridge, procuring materials well in advance to make sure they were ready
Since the bridge underwent major upgrading twice in its history, adding a total of two inches to the deck, the overall weight of the bridge had increased from the original bridge back in 1967. Still the gusset plates held even with the increased load though there were signs of major stress as seen in Fig. 1. The day of the collapse, construction crews were preparing to pour concrete and had placed the machinery and paving materials near the centre of the bridge at around 2:30 p.m. setting the stage for failure of the gusset plate. At around 6:05 p.m. the I-35W Bridge collapsed.
Source: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1485 Howrah Bridge Source: http://howrahbridgekolkata.nic.in/Claude.htm Howrah Bridge is built over river Hooghly in Kolkata. It was built in 1943. The total length of the bridge is 710 Meters and the longest span is 457 Metres. It was built entirely without using nuts and bolts instead they used rivets. Source:
Two centuries ago, in 1802, one of the French engineer Albert Mathieu wants to do a tunnel under the sea between UK and France. This project is the one of the biggest project in twentieth century. This channel fixed transportation system between two countries and saving the time, with twin rail tunnels. Eurotunnel is helps to people to travel between those countries in an unprecedented travel time of only 35 minutes. Moreover It was recognized as one of the "Seven Wonders of the Modern World" by the American Society of Civil Engineers, alongside the Empire State Building, the Itaipu Dam in South America, the CN Tower in Toronto, the Panama Canal, the North Sea protection works in the Netherlands, and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.
The base of the pyramid covers 13.1 acres, and it rises to a height of 481.4ft. However the top 31 ft is missing. The pyramid is composed of about 2,300,00 blocks each weighing half a ton. It was covered in tura limestone coating, and a capstone. However both of these are gone due to time.
In ancient times it was an active port for both the Phoenicians and the Romans. The Straits of Gibraltar refer to the long channel that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, and lies like a deep blue ribbon dividing Spain in the north from Morocco in the south. In this channel which separates Europe from Northern Africa, a massive rock emerges, known as the Rock of Gibraltar. I cannot see it without visualizing it as the symbol for a prominent insurance company, something ingrained in me long before I saw the rock itself. The rock, made of limestone, surges up out of the water to an elevation of 1,400 feet.
One of the major uses of silica fume concrete in US was the rehabilitation of the stilling basin of Kinzua dam in 1983. The concrete contain 386 kg/m3 of cement with 70 kg/m3 of silica fume and the specified compressive strength was 70 MPa at 7 days and 86 MPa at 28 days. After three years compressive strength of concrete was reported to be 110 MPa. Since this large scale project silica fume concrete has progressively gained acceptance in wide range of application of