Good Governance Literature Review

CHAPTRE TWO 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Introduction

The literature review provides background information about the study that supports the validity of the investigation. So, the study reviewed different literatures written by different scholars and institutions related to challenges of good governance in public institutions in general. Especially it provides in depth literatures about good governance in public institutions by providing different theoretical reviews, previous research out puts and different empirical data.

2.2 Concepts and theoretical definition of governance and good governance

2.2.1 Governance

Governance is a concept that has developed considerably since it emerged in discussions of development issues around the

That why governance as a concept comprises the institutions, processes and conventions in a society which determine how power is exercised, how important decisions affecting society are made and how a variety of interests harmonized in such decisions (Institute of Governance, 2002).

2.2.2 Good governance

Good governance as a basic development agenda has got significant momentum in the world especially in the last decade and has become the issue that attracts the attentions of different economists, political scientists, lawyers, Politian, international, regional and national organizations and various donor agencies. The notion of good governance is relatively new. It surfaced in 1989 in the World Bank’s report on Sub-Saharan Africa, which characterized the crisis in the region as a crisis of governance (World Bank 1989).

Recently, the concept of good governance predominate contemporary national and global political discussions. It is not a concept that is easy to define, as it requires a value judgment, whether in socio economic development or politico-administrative framework. It might entail structures and processes that support the creation of a participatory, responsive and an accountability polity embedded in a competitive, non-discriminatory, yet equitable economy (UNDP,

Hence states should be assessed on both the quality and the quantity of public goods provided to citizens (Rotberg 2004).

2.3 Historical development of good governance

Since the 1990s the concept ‘good governance’ has become one of the most widely used in debates in development, public policy and international relations .Good governance is a relatively new concept on the development agenda, although it is tempting to connect late 20th century demands for good governance to the “good government” movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States.

The historical development of governance is related with the history of human civilization. The history of civilization could be considered the initial historical development of governance. So the concept of governance has been developed through the evolutionary system to the current most complex system (Angew, 2005). Later on the notation of good governance comes from World Bank. World Bank was introduced this notation to respond for poor service delivery in public intuition. Good governance is a multi dimensional, melt faceted and a complex and sometimes even an amorphous concept (Kerstin,