Government Corruption In The Philippines

leads to identification of standards of behavior. Ethics and law have its key concepts which includes: integrity and impartiality is also a proponent of gaining the public trust, wherein integrity and impartiality is treating its citizens equally and being honest to its people, second is promoting the public good where, the whole state benefits through government actions and promoting public governance. Third, commitment to the system of the government where, the government or the political actors must commit their roles and to give effect to the policies of the elected government of a country and lastly, accountability and transparency where the government officials and the political actors and promoters of the laws and governance of a country

Coronel (2002) posits that corruption have been traced to the Spanish colonial era and which flourished after the World War II. Moreover, it has been argued that patronage-based political system monopolized the country. This patronage system and cronyism are two of the reasons why corruption is present in the Philippines. Coronel (2004) identified where corruption occurs and how it is classified and is said that it is present even in the public and private sectors where the government and the state are truly separated. (Coronel, 2004) said that corruption worsens income equity and poverty where instead of helping the poor and the needy, the government or the governmental institutions to be specific seek to largely contribute to services which is not even used and is not that relevant or is used by the people. Corruption also is said to damage the legitimacy and democracy of the government where citizens become suspicious towards the intentions of the authority. As (Johnston, 1997) stated, corruption begets bad politics, and bad politics begets further corruption; where politics and corruption as viewed nowadays are intertwined. Corruption is said to endanger public order and safety, where the laws are being bent and the people are not regulating the forces of the government which leads to massive riots and slow decline of governmental

Consequently, there will be less chances that the interests of all groups of people will be heard which may cause to reduction of public trust to the institution. On the other hand, (Campbell and Marshall, 1998; Tewdr - Jones, 2002) said that the transparency of the institutions will allow the public to know if such institutions are trustworthy. This posits that the level of public trust can be considered as a factor for the decline of an institution. Literatures under this category implies that as institution declines, mistrust increases. The basis of institutional decline is bribery, corruption, the inability of the institution to provide public goods is reflected from the performance of an institution. Hence, since performance is the basis of institutional decline, institutional decline would significantly affect public