Graft Co-Polymerisation
In this age of high technology, modification of polymers and cellulose has received much attention recently. Grafting is one of the promising methods among the methods of modification of polymers and cellulose. In this principle, graft co-polymerization is an attractive method to impart a variety of functional groups to a polymer and cellulose. With the chemical treatment, photo-irradiation and high-energy radiation technique, grafting is initiated. In addition, being a polymer itself, cellulose can be copolymerized only with the block or grafting procedure. The block copolymerization of cellulose modified its physical structure. Therefore, it cannot be used. In contrast, the pulp cellulose modified by grafting copolymerization does not change …show more content…
The blocks are having distinct structures that differ from those in the main chain. From picture above, it shows that grafting is the reaction how grafted chains of B are covalently bonded to polymer A. B might be homopolymers or copolymers.
On the other hand, grafting of cellulose is similar to cross linking. However, it is better than cross linking. By grafting, the fabrics become more soften. There are few examples of its end products such as rayon, cotton, paper and wool. There are either grafting of native cellulose (cellulose I) or grafting of cellulose II and cellulose III. For native cellulose, the swelling can be take place between or within the cellulose chain. We called it as interfibriling and intercrystalline. Interfibrilling caused by intercrystalline swelling in the crystalline region. Then, Intercrystalline caused by the swelling of intracrystalline in amorphous region. Likewise, alkali is not able to dissolve cellulose but it only can depolymerized into smaller fragments.
Advantages of
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The grafted fiber has improved swelling and thermal properties in comparison to the pristine fiber. The grafted fiber showed good affinity for both the dyes. Better swelling properties, thermal properties and affinity for dyes evinces that the grafted rayon fiber can be useful in waste water treatment applications.
Cotton
Gamma radiation is used to covalently link polymer chains of [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (maetc) to cotton fabric by mutual radiation grafting. Grafting extent increases with the dose and monomer concentration and causes antibacterial efficacy against various bacteria to increases.
Paper
The paper can be grafted by chemical graft copolymerization reaction of acrylonitrile (an) and methyl methacrylate (mma), a binary mixture. The mechanical properties of the grafted paper sheet are higher than the ungrafted one; also the brightness of the grafted product is less than the ungrafted one. Generally the chemical resistance of the grafted product is higher than the ungrafted paper sheet.
Controlling Factors of Grafting
Effect of monomer
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