Remove excess water from the surface of the gram stained glass slide and observed under 1000X oil immersion microscope. Gram-staining have performed for Staphylococcus aureus (control); Enterococcus faecalis (control); Nostril microflora in NA, MSA, and PYCa. Gram-staining provides results of the bacteria morphology, type of gram-stain. Catalase test was also done prior to gram-staining. MicrobactTM Biochemical Identification Kit was used for identifying gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria.
Gram Stain Test The Gram Stain test was first performed to differentiate the bacteria based on the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall. The unknown bacteria appeared purple and round, therefore indicating a gram-positive cocci bacterium. The purple color was observed because S. agalactiae had a thicker layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall, therefore it allowed for the cell wall to not be stripped away after the addition of ethyl alcohol, but rather enabled for the peptidoglycan to form pores (Madani, 2003). The pores then trapped the crystal violet-iodine complex, which produced the purple color of the bacteria cells that were observed under the light microscope. Catalase Test To further identify the gram positive unknown bacteria, the Catalase test was conducted in order to differentiate the gram-positive species into the Staphylococcus species (catalase-producers) or the Streptococcus species (catalase
The colonies from serial dilution eight yielded (1x10-9) 78 CFU. The E. coli and Serratia colonies after the mixture showed yellow and variations of red in the colonies. They were too numerous to count. The smell was repugnant and there was some condensation on the plate top. Serratia and E. coli plated at a concentration of 1x10-3 (Figure 6 and 7) from the original mixture yielded scattered colonies on the media.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains and culture conditions Two S. aureus strains were used in the present study; S. aureus 8325-4 (SigB-) and SH1000 representing a SigB+.strain. Overnight cultures were grown in Luria Broth (LB) at 37°Cwith shaking at 150 rpm. Exposure to antibiotics was carried out as detailed below. Antibiotics Ciprofloxacin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich CO. 10 mg/ml stock solution of antibiotic were prepared freshly with 0.1N HCl and stored at -20°C. During the experiment we diluted with sterile water 1:10 and 1:100 depending on the different drug concentration.
Actually after the interaction of 72 hours, both growth of E.coli and S.aureus will be inhibited by Cycloheximide antibiotic. But for our experiment, E.coli shows negative result which means it is resistant toward Cycloheximide and do not producing a clear zone. Maybe the concentration of Cycloheximide is too low when it was plated on the E.coli, thus it cannot be inhibited by the antibiotic. The inbition could not be seen in both fungal species 2 and 3 also and this might be because of there was no fungal colony on the cut agar due to the poor lawn on the agar
Lab-experiment immunity and bacteria- How do they react? Research question: How does the bacteria Enterococcus Faecium SF 68 demonstrate resistance against the following antibiotics: Oxacillin, Climdacylin, Penicillin-G, Amikacin, Lincocymin, Erythromycin, Cephazolin, Mezlocillin ? Terminology used: Bacterium: Singular form of bacteria, one single individual. A bacterium an organism that possesses one single cell and is very adaptable to most environments. A bacterium contains only a single chromosome, but posses more sections of DNA known as plasmids, that are spreading all around the bacteria in an area called the cytoplasm.
Staphylococcus aureus Introduction/ Background information Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is yellow-pigmented colonies and this is a reason for (aureus = golden) in its genus name. S. aureus is a spherical shape (Coccus), gram positive bacterium that usually present in pairs as seen in microscope.it has short chains, or bunched, grape-like clusters, non-motile, no spores and facultative anaerobic. Members of this species can survive in the aerobic or anaerobic conditions and they can adapt to any of situations. The best environment for them to grow is in dilute salt concentrations and low moisture, which partially introduces human's nasal secretions and skin's surface to be a suitable place for this microorganism to grow. This bacterial growth can lead to staphylococcal infections in skin, nose and throat of human
However in this essay we will focus more on the application of biofuels through the conversion of sugar to alcohol, otherwise known as fermentation. The understanding of fermentation first came into light in 1789 by a french chemist known as Antoine Lavosier, who studied the transformation of substances. Through quantitive chemistry, he studied the mechanism of fermentation by estimating the general proportions of sugar and water molecules in sugarcanes with the with the end products such as carbon dioxide and ethanol; he also added yeast. In his conclusion, two thirds of the sugar was reduced into ethanol and the other one third was
You use cUTI plates as the chromogenic media and find that some of the colonies have turned pink in colour. What information does this tell you about the bacteria in the sample, and why did the colony change colour? [2 marks] This tells me that the bacteria in the sample contains coliforms such as Escherichia coli (E.coli). The colonies changed colour as the enzymes produced by the bacterial cells reacted with the red galactosidase in the agar medium, this reaction causes the colonies to turn pink making them easily
Chromatography was presented by the Russian botanist Mikhail Tswett in 1903. He utilized chromatography to create a beautiful partition of plant colors through a section of calcium carbonate. Presently a day's chromatography has formed into a different research facility for the partition and ID of mixes. Albeit color typically has no more assumes a part all the while, the same standards of chromatography additionally apply today.There are infinite applications of GC in laboratories and in various industries for example it is used in chemical, petrochemicals and pharmaceutical industries. Essential Principles of GC By utilizing GC, we can separate a mixture into individual parts.