In this research paper I will be discussing South Africa’s climate change response strategy with regards to the Green Agenda. I will also be discussing what the City of Cape Town has done to address access opportunities, resources and services provision in the city with regards to the Brown agenda.
1. Green Agenda
This agenda refers to the impact we as human beings have on the ecological system. An example of this impact would be Global warming that the world is currently experiencing. Its first order of impact is on the health of the ecological system. This agenda is a timely process which means its impacts and effects show over a longer period of time. Because ecological effects can’t be contained to just a small area or part of the world
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It has to do with the human activity and our response to climate change. This is also what links the two agendas. This agenda focuses on what happens now therefore it’s timing is immediate unlike The Green agenda the brown agenda’s focus is on a local rather than global stage. Social issues cannot be separated from the environment. Human beings are an important part of the earth system. The relevant social issues include “imbalances” in patterns of production and consumptions resulting in unequal access to information resources and services and the challenges presented to individuals and groups by poverty disease unemployment, crime and environmental injustice. The Brown Agenda focuses on the vulnerabilities of the urban poor. Human livelihoods in urban areas. Prevention, management and recovery from disasters or setbacks and the fulfilments of basic human needs such as food, housing, medical facilities, sanitations, infrastructures, waste management, generation equality and quality of life notably the brown agenda concerns the immediate localized health related effects of human activity that often have particular bearing on low income groups
3. Brown and Green Agenda in contrast
Both the Green and Brown Agendas are in contrast with each other the Green agenda focuses on “less” accept when it comes to conservation, amongst other things, it means less water borne sewerage, less waste generation and less urban residential land.
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“By building resilience means that is will make the city more safe and sustainable. The City views urban resilience as a core factor in achieving its strategic objectives of building a safe caring opportunity, inclusive and well-run city. Therefore, the city is committed to building resilience to urban challenges that leave households vulnerable to social , environmental and economic shocks” (Government, 2017) Other principles would be Transformation of the built environment through transit-orientated development, Governance reform, Customer Centricity, Transversal
This lack of food correlates to deindustrialization and employment loss, which creates brownfields and food deserts. Gottlieb showed his readers how food connects people and increases economy and sustainability, showing that food is more than just the nutrients for the human body but also the nutrients for society. Before this semester, I did not know the true power of food. I really enjoyed Gottlieb’s article because it suited as a nice introduction for someone who did not have a deep understanding of food justice. I found the connection between this article and Dr. Vandana Shiva’s lecture very powerful to how I view society currently.
The concept of environmental justice was first introduced in South Africa at the Earthlife 1992 conference (Cock 2004, p.6). Defined as the ‘fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies’ (U.S Environment Protection Agency, 2012), environmental justice aims to shift the world towards environmentally friendly development and eradicate exploitation of natural resources and indigenous communities. Most importantly, it deals mainly with the environmental injustices of these relationships, and the ways and means of rectifying these wrongs and/or avoiding them in the future
To begin with, the environment that people live in are different from other environments. The reason why because they are polluted with chemicals and other things. For Example, ''Separate residential limits or districts for white and Negro residents. This shows that U.S minorities have been placed in a separate area for a long time, as noted in the article. In Addition , ''Government needs what no one wants, maybe a landfill or incinerator''.
For example, food insecurity is considered a major social determinant of health. Food Insecurity occurs when people do not have access to adequate and nutritional foods necessary to maintain a healthy lifestyle (Lombe et al, 2016). There is a direct relationship between one’s social economic status and the type of food they can afford. Households living below the poverty line lack the resources financially to afford healthier or organic food alternatives. What is more, they may not have the means of transportation to get to those supermarkets where healthier foods are sold.
In the early 1960’s, the original state of the American environmental justice movement can be traced back to the emergence of the American Civil Rights movement. Prior to the concerned environmentalism with humanity’s adverse impact upon the environment, but there are arguments that are primarily concerned with the impact of an unhealthy environment that forcefully pushes upon a collective body of life, entailing both human and non-human existence, including in some instances plant life. I found the Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice more interestingly and I chose to write about that.
If racism is not the issue the big question is then what is? What is the problem? I’m 100% sure everyone is curious to know. Where are all the answers to our unanswered questions? Despite the civil rights movement of the 1960s the issue of environmental racism has popped up often including the 1990s.
The article was written in 1993 as a follow up to the Environmental Justice Movement. The purpose is to show how racism still plays a role in environmental policy-making
In the early 2000 Al Gore once said, “The planet is in distress and all the attention is on Paris Hilton.” In the same theme, Michael Pollan writes, “Why Bother?”, an article from The New York Times Magazine published in 2008 telling Americans they are too consumed with themselves and maintain a “cheap-energy mind”. And here, in 2016 climate change is seriously happening and the nation is still not addressing the gravity of the issue and why we should indeed bother to make changes. It is time that this nation discerns that climate change is real and it is happening as we speak. Climate change is a threat to each and every one of us and imperative to the survival of life on this planet.
Conclusion In conclusion, the “Parable of the Sower” portrays cities as places to avoid rather than being sanctuaries due to the lack of safety and the adverse influences of corporations. However, the novel does provide some hope by proving that if we start realizing problems and planning ahead, then, cities could change and become more livable in the future. As more people move to urban areas, the way we plan, manage and develop our cities will be fundamental in creating a fair, safe, healthy and sustainable
Incorporating analysis’s from material provide in the Development and the City course at the University of Guelph, it is believed that a significant issues is the means to which governments invests in their people. Within cities, municipal governments are often more interested in modernizing than addressing the major structural concerns mentioned above. Furthermore, social inequalities do not just expand across cities, rather this is a problem that engulf the entire nation, which Boo also points to. This can especially be seen when
(Christensen et al., 2007 cited in UNFCCC, 2007) affirms that the entire African continent is likely to experience warming that is higher than the global annual average. Climate records shows that all of the ten warmest years in the global temperature records up to 2011 have occurred since 1997, with 2005 and 2010 being the warmest two years in more than a century of global records (AMS, 2012). (Cooper et al. 2008:25) noted that whilst the exact nature and extent of the impacts of climate change on temperature and rainfall distribution patterns remain uncertain, it is the poor and vulnerable who will be the most prone to climate change especially in the rural areas, hence adaptation to climate change is an inevitable choice for human
Climate Change is one of the most unsettling problems mankind faces today. It leaves an impact on every single living thing, on every continent, no matter the privilege. Long term investment must be used to change the world. People must do more than just change out their light bulbs for eco-friendly ones, or drive fuel efficient cars. A choice as simple as changing our diets could reduce a human’s carbon footprint by fifty percent.
All three of these classes must work in tandem with one another to achieve a more successful city. For this to occur, these classes must become balanced with one another. Furthermore, the
Green growth and green economy have been subject to various definitions but those currently being used by international organizations have a lot in common. Greening growth (GG) and moving towards a greener economy (GE) is complex and multidimensional. Green growth is a matter of both economic policy and sustainable development policy. It tackles two key imperatives together: the continued inclusive economic growth needed by developing countries to reduce poverty and improve wellbeing; and improved environmental management needed to tackle resource scarcities and climate change. The concept of green economy rests on the economy, the environment and the social pillars of sustainable development.
One of the foundations of sustainable development is efficient environmental management (UNEP 2002). However, balancing the needs of current generations without compromising the environment for future generations poses to be quite problematic. A number of environmental decision-making instruments have been developed in an attempt to ensure that development is sustainable. One of the most popular of these is environmental impact assessment (EIA). This essay will be based on the strengths and limitations of an Environmental Impact Assessment.