Green Chemistry Experiment
An investigation into the synthesis of vanillyl alcohol through the reaction of vanillin and sodium borohydride based on Green Chemistry Principles
Name: Anthony Alchaer
Subject: Chemistry
Candidate number: 004673-0016
Supervisor: Mr. Walid Dagher
Word Count Abstract:
Dr. Ricardo Haber (American University of Beirut, Head of Ecology Department), first proposed the concept of Green Chemistry. Lymann and Bernard (1996) proposed 12 Green Chemistry Principles (Appendix 1) which encouraged the design of chemical processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances.1
In the synthesis of vanillin alcohol from vanillin the aldehyde motif is prone to the nucleophilic attack by hydride ions present in reducing
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In each reaction, samples of the reacting mixture were taken out at regular time periods and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. It was found that all reactions achieved full conversion of vanillin. It was proposed that the compromised amount of sodium borohydride used in the production of vanillyl alcohol lies towards 0% to 50% excess, i.e. the compromising stoichiometry in terms of vanillin to sodium borohydride is 4:1 to 4:1.5.
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Abstract
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6. Full Reaction Conversion
The reaction has reached full conversion when the all reacting reagents, or the limiting reagents, have reacted and been used up. Vanillin is the limiting reagent in the reactions conducted in this investigation. This is marked by the cessation of the reaction and the consequent build up of heat in the system.
7. Reaction stoichiometry
This describes the quantitative relationships among substances as they participate in chemical reactions.2 The reaction stoichiometry of the reactants in the reaction investigated is 4:1(Stoichiometric ratio of vanillin to sodium borohydride NaBH4). This means that every four moles of vanillin react with one mole of sodium borohydride.
8. Reaction time
In this investigation, the reaction time of each reaction is defined as the time required for a reaction to reach full conversion in such a way that the number of moles of products at t=∞ is equal to the initial number of moles of vanillin. The reaction time of reactions in this investigation is the point when all vanillin in the reaction has reacted.
Below is the list of abbreviations used to represent the full name of chemicals and technology in this
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