Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect

Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and the fluorinated gases are all well-mixed gases in the atmosphere that do not react to changes in temperature and air pressure, so the levels of these gases are not affected by condensation. Carbon dioxide and the other non-condensing greenhouse gases are the main component of gases within the Earth's atmosphere that sustain the greenhouse effect and which control its strength.

Impact of Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse effect is a natural process that occur in which allows the Earth to retain some of the heat from the sun. The main function of the greenhouse effect is to warm the surrounding of the environment. However, the excessive of the greenhouse gases causes the gases in the atmosphere trap energy

Global warming can harming the environment in several ways which are desertification, increase the melting of snow and ice, rising of sea level and stronger storms and extreme events. This effect can causes many negative impact to the human and other organisms.

If the global warming takes place, sea level will rise because of two different processes. Firstly, the warmer temperature can cause level of the sea to rise due to the thermal expansion of seawater. Secondly, the water from melting glaciers and the ice sheets of Greenland and the Antarctica would also add water to the ocean which cause negative consequences to human and other habitat. The Earth's average sea level was predicted to be increase by 0.09 to 0.88 m between 1990 and 2100.

Besides, one of the impact of greenhouse effects is ocean acidification. The oceans provide extraordinary ecosystem services to societies, food, regulation services (carbon absorption), cultural and recreation as well as nutrient

‘OA’ occur because the ocean function as a sink of carbon dioxide and absorb about ¼ of human carbon dioxide emissions. When the level of atmospheric CO2 increase, the levels in the ocean also increase. The excess in carbon dioxide can cause the chemical reaction between the seawater in the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3). The higher concentration of carbon dioxide is caused by the burning of fossil fuels and land use charge.

Thus, it can cause death of the aquatic animal and increase in sea acidification as increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide. Besides, the studies shown that more acidic environment have dramatic effects on some calcifying species such as oysters, sea urchins, deep sea corals and others. Due to this environment, the shelled organism will expose to the risk and pollutant which can give negative impact to the human health who consume as food as sources of protein.

When water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) mixed together, they will combine to form carbonic acid which is weak compared to hydrochloric acid. The weaker carbonic acid could not react quickly but it also can releases hydrogen ion (H+). The hydrogen ion will form a bond with other molecules in the seawater causes the lowering of pH value.

The reaction