Stages Of Development

2.3 Different stages of entrepreneurship

Greiner (1998) identifies five stages of development in the growth of organizations in which each phase begins with a period of growth and stability and ultimately results in organizational change or a crisis. The solution of such a revolutionary period ultimately determines whether a company will continue to the next stage of development. The research of Greiner (1998) has shown that there are five dimensions that shape an organization development. These are the age and size of the organization, the development and revolution phase and the growth of the industry. Exhibit 1: The five phases of growth (Greiner, 1998)

Each stage in the development organization has a dominant management style in order

The only opportunities for education were at primary school. The opportunities were even more limited around that time in Morocco. The majority of Moroccan men only received primary education or the Koranic school. Some Turks had finished primary education and sometimes even went on to receive further education (Crul & Doomernik, 2003).
Because most industries where the Turks and Moroccans worked in were located in the big cities, these guest workers mainly also lived in the big cities. The housing in the larger cities was cheap but also of low quality. Often, they were housed in hostels and overcrowded apartments. The low-cost housing was often preferred over a slightly more luxurious/expensive home because this way they would be able to make greater saving for their return to their families in Turkey or Morocco.

The oil crisis brought an end to economic prosperity and lead to the Dutch government breaking many recruitment contracts. Officially there were no immigrant workers that went to the Netherlands anymore. Both the immigrant workers themselves and the Dutch government were always convinced that the Turks and Moroccans would not permanently settle in the Netherlands. Most Turks and Moroccans wanted to earn a lot of money during their stay in the Netherlands in order to build a better life for them and their families after returning to their country of

According to Hofstede, we can divide the different cultures by using six concepts (Hofstede, 2011). House et al. (2004) tried to expand the theory of Hofstede. He included the theoretical concepts of human orientation and performance orientation. The researchers Minkov and Blagoev (2011) validated the theory of Hofstede, but rejected the theory of House. According to them, the first dimension is the power distance. This dimension refers to that the lower class of the community accepts that the power in the community is unequally divided (Minkov, 2011). All the communities are unequal, however the one society is more unequal than the other (Triandis, 2004). Furthermore, the second dimension is uncertainty avoidance. This illustrates to what extent people of a society feel comfortable or uncomfortable in situations that are unstructured, such as an environment that is new, unknown or different than normal (Hofstede, 2011). In the third dimension the extreme values are individualist and a collectivist. This means in how people integrate in groups (Hofstede, 2011). By cultures that are really individualists is expected that everybody take care of himself and their family. A collectivist person is somebody who is integrated in a social and cohesive society (House et al., 2004). In Muslim countries, families tend to be more individualistic than