Ground Information System Essay
Abstract - Integration of geographical information system (GIS) and the remote sensing data for the exploration of groundwater resources has become a breakthrough in the field of groundwater research, which assists in assessing, monitoring, and conserving groundwater resources. The current study conducted to delineate the ground water potential zones in Manimala watershed. Totally eight parameters have been consider for the study such as drainage density, elevation, geology, geomorphology, land use, soil, lineaments, slope gradient. The selected parameters have been prepared and classified in GIS environment, then weightage for each parameters and its classes have been assigned using Analytical Hierarchical Process, then weighted overlay analysis …show more content…
Geomorphology of an area depends upon the structural evolution of geological formation. The study area comprises the features of structural origin and denudational origin. Ground water prospect of denudational landform is low compared to the other one. 4.4 Lineament
Lineaments are indicators of subsurface faults and fractures influencing the occurrence of ground water acting as canals and reservoirs. Lineament density of an area can ultimately expose the groundwater potential, since the presence of lineaments usually signifies a permeable zone. Areas with high lineament density are good for groundwater potential zones. 4.5 Slope
Slope determines the rate of infiltration and runoff of surface water, the flat surface areas can hold and drain the water inside of the ground, which can increase the ground water recharge whereas the steep slopes increase the runoff and decrease the infiltration of surface water into ground. The slope of the study area has been calculated in degrees based on the DEM model. 4.6
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It is a measure of the total length of the stream segment of all orders per unit area. The drainage density is an inverse function of permeability. The less permeable a rock is, the less the infiltration of rainfall, which conversely tends to be concentrated in surface runoff. Drainage density of the study area is calculated using line density analysis tool in ArcGIS software. 4.8 Landuse
Landuse refers to man’s activities and various use which are carried up above land. Information on the rate of changes in land resources is essential for proper planning, management and regulating the use of such resources. Study area is classified into several landuse classes based on satellite data. Major portion of the study area is categorized as mixed vegetation and it has a moderate groundwater potentiality. Other classes are built up land, water bodies, open land, rock, dense forest etc. 5 INTEGRATION OF THEMATIC MAPS
All the thematic maps were integrated with suitable ranks and weightage factor using Geographic Information System(GIS) in order to delineate the groundwater potential zones. Thematic maps are brought in to the raster calculator tool in spatial analyst tool box. Weighted overlay is carried out by giving weights to each raster. Each polygon in the final composite map is associated with a particular set of information of all thematic
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