Carlos Sanchez
Mr. Gilla
Period 3
January, 19 2018
Guillian Barre Syndrome Problem Statement:
Guillain Barre Syndrome is a type of autoimmune system disease that affects the brain and movement of muscles. One to two in one hundred thousand get affected. Guillian Barre can develop at any age; however older ages are affected more. Men are more likely to get Guillian Barre than women. Countries that had the Zika Virus usually get affected the most, as studies have shown. While Guillian Barre Syndrome might be rare, it is a disorder that must be treated immediately to save a life. History/Literature Review:
The first case of Guillain Barre was in 1916, during World War 1. Guillian Barre gets its name from the scientists named George Guillian, Jean Alexandre Barre and Andre Sthrol. Guillian and Barre studied neurology and were doctors for the French army. They reported a case where two soldiers were half paralyzed. Both the soldiers, however were able to recover. Guillian, Barre and Sthrol published a paper saying that movement of muscles was weakened and protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid was raised and this paper was
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The first treatment is called plasma exchange or plasmapheresis. A liquid portion from the blood called plasma is removed and separated from the blood cells. The plasma is then brought back into the body, which produces more plasma that was taken away by the attacking immune system. This treatment may even remove certain antibodies which made the immune system attack in the first place. The second treatment is called immunoglobulin therapy, which is receiving healthy Immunoglobulin from blood. It is a antibody capable of removing bacteria and viruses from the immune system. If a donor donates enough, the immunoglobulin can stop the immune system from attacking itself and the peripheral
1. Antibody immunity uses B cells to secrete antibodies. The antibodies are circulated through the plasma cells in the body and bind to the transplant. They then attack the transplant because they see it as a foreign body. Cell-mediated immunity also works to attack the "foreign body" but is uses T cells that are directly attached to the transplant.
The disease Duchenne muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy (1) in fact 3 out of every 10,000 births will result in a male born with this disorder (2). DMD is a recessive sex linked disorder that can only be passed down to the child if his mother is the carrier (2, 3). Symptoms for DMD are confinement to a wheel chair by the age of 11at the latest and are expected to die in their twenties to forties (2, 4). This is because DMD causes progressive muscle weakness and will reduce muscle tone throughout the body. Muscle weakness will usually begin its onset by the age of three (4).
It is also typically found in people with certain ancestry such as people of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage and people of Cajun heritage. Some people may have the genetic mutation but not get the disease. Common symptoms of Tay-Sachs include muscle weakness, stiff muscles, loss of muscle coordination, muscle contractions, fainting, speech problems, and mental illness. Blindness, difficulty swallowing, hearing loss, seizures, vision loss, and impaired voice are other symptoms that are common. An eye abnormality called a cherry-red spot, which can be identified with an eye examination, is also characteristic of this disorder.
Seizures occur due to an abnormal electrical charge in the brain. There are two different types of seizures: generalized and partial seizures. They are classified as two different groups because of where and how they begin. Generalized seizures begin with an electrical charge that affects both sides of the brain at one time. Partial seizures begin with one electrical impulse that only affects a small part of the brain.
After Franklin Delano Roosevelt contracted the disease in 1921, he declared a war on polio and created the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP). The NFIP endorsed Elizabeth “Sister” Kenny’s methods for the treatment of polio. In her method, Sister Kenny worked on rebuilding the muscles of a polio victim rather than immobilizing them with splints. She had many successes with this technique. After many sessions, her patients began to improve and some even regained full use of their muscles.
1474). The extent of genetic disposition is still limited, but potential links are there and while it is not typical of most people with MS, in the case of JF, there have been eight different members within the family have do. In this family’s case, it comes from the paternal side of his family. His own twenty-eight year old daughter was recently diagnosed with MS, bringing this to four generations, much as described in the study. The study focused on the linage of one family where there was an indication of fifteen family members with documented with the
However, his earlier diagnosis was incorrect and instead he claimed the distress was being caused by spinal lesion. On August 25, 1921, another physician, diagnosed FDR with infantile paralysis (polio). At that time, polio had no known cure and often resulted in full or partial paralysis and the erosion of one’s motor skills. The physician, who was an expert on the disease, insisted Franklin stop the massages, as they were not helping the situation and possibly making it worse; he instead suggested that he take hot baths. His massage therapy continued but did not prove to be successful in curing the paralysis.
There might be inflammation of the membranes around the brain which is meningitis, or one might have temporary paralysis of one side of the face which is called bells
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy(CTE) is a progressive degenerative brain disease that affects the lives of many who suffer from head trauma of the brain. CTE has been associated with many different diseases within a person 's memory, personality changes, Parkinsonism, along with speech or gait abnormalities. The disease initially was described as “punch-drunk” syndrome. Dr. Harrison Martland made the theory in 1928 as a group of boxers began having multiple symptoms of what is formally known as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.
On pg 38 it says, “His back muscles must have been hurt as well they almost seemed to tear once he stretched and while the pain in his forehead seemed to be abating somewhat, just trying to
CTE was first identified in 1928 and called “punch drunk syndrome” in order to describe the effects several boxers were having. Over the next 75 years, researchers found similar findings in boxers and others with brain trauma. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
“So, I close in saying that I might have been given a bad break, but I’ve got an awful lot to live for,” Lou Gehrig made that as his closing remarks in his “Farwell” speech two weeks after announcing he had ALS (“Farewell”). ALS, or Lou Gerhig’s disease, is a degenerative neurological disease that weakens and, eventually, renders muscles useless and has many other symptoms and causes that are still being discovered, including brain concussions from football and other sports. Described by scientists as far back as 1824, it wasn’t until 1869 when French neurologist Jean-Marie Charcot first wrote and published reports of the characteristics linked to ALS (“About,” ALSA.org) (“About,” Wordpress). It wasn’t until when Lou Gehrig was diagnosed with the disease. In 1938, after having a difficult time with playing baseball, Gehrig visited the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, where he was diagnosed with ALS (“Lou Gehrig”).
Doctors at Wentworth-Douglass had no clue what was wrong with him, and what he was sick with. The doctors consulted with Mass General, Maine Medical, and Dartmouth while he was still at Wentworth on a respirator. They gave him four spinal taps to find out a solid diagnosis. After testing him for many diseases they learned it was Guillain-Barre. After lengthy physical and respiratory therapy, he had to re-learn how to walk, talk, write, breathe, and many other things we take for granted daily.
This is due to the inadequacy of statistics available in which consequentially is due to varying number of cases reported. As stated by a physician at The Encephalitis Society, Easton (2014), the history of the disease to have been found of difficulty in diagnosing and insufficiency of statistical records due to varying estimated number of cases of various countries. The incomplete data gives the scope of the disease an unreliable data and a working progress in decoding and understanding the basis for the
We discovered that even during short space missions the human body can still experience moderate muscle loss. Each Astronaut had to have an MRI before and after each space mission. Before they came to the conclusion they did, they found out from someone else that Astronauts