Apologgy Research Paper

TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS:

INTRODUCTION:

Afforestation can be the one of the most significant way out for the development of gullied or ravinous land. The procedure for this is different for different types of ravines. Agroforestry consists of minor and slender gulliee. Silvipasture is suitable for medium and shallow gullies. Whereas permanent vegetation is the solution for the deep and narrow gullies. Deep gullies can be consumed as woodlands if we plant some apt sapling types. Generally, we stabilize gully heads and sides by planting grass species. For any successful afforestation programme, we should reduce the slopes of the gullies and divert the surface flow in the very first stage. Also, to conserve soil and moisture we should construct

These are very minor drainage channels and hence can’t be crossed easily by agricultural apparatus. Vegetative plantings, boulder checks, sandbag plugs, brushwood check dams and earthen bunds comes into the category of gully plugging measures. The definition of gully plugging would be defined as pebbles positioned across gullies or valleys in order to capture nutrients, moisture and silt. Preferably, stones should be embedded into the upper surface of spillway aprons in order to provide support for the next layer. The major principle behind this technique is to seizure runoff from a broad catchment area (which is now being wasted), and hence transferring low rainfall into serviceable soil moisture, as well as in order to stop soil erosion. Moreover, to slow down the flow of water supports in settling down soil which is rich in organic. If a gully plug is well maintained than it can create a flat, fertile and moist land which can be used in growing high value crops and trees. Furthermore, Gully Plug is also defined as forming hindrance by placing bags filled with sand. This is the most effective method to reduce the speed of flowing water of the rivulet. This consists of a kind of halt made of empty cement bags which is generally filled with sand, clay and other material and placed in between the stream. Typically, there could be erosion due to the high flow of water in hilly area but gully plugging will be able to check it efficiently. The sand bags are then queued one by one in the canal of the stream and its width should not be more than 15 meters. The gully plugging method is most operative in those areas where the depth of the stream is less than one and a half meter and apart from that the sides of the stream should be of clay. If the gully plugs are constructed on the upstream side of masonry check dam at 2 or 3 places