The extraction efficiency was most successful with dichloroethane as diluents than any others. Stripping study was carried out with hydrochloric acid. The method was applied for the separation of Mo from minerals composed of different kinds of metals. In this experiment molybdenum was determined by drywashing it and was followed by spectrophotometrically analysis as a complex with Tiron at 390 nm. Turel and Patil (1996) [112] have established a rapid and selective method for the extraction of molybdenum with malachite green into nitrobenzene.
Soil – Lime Reactions The addition of lime to a soil initiates a two stage reaction. Short-term reactions show their effect right after the addition of lime, while long term reactions are accompanied by a period of time. The short-term effect of the addition of lime to a clay soil is to cause flocculation and agglomeration of the clay particles, as explained in Section 3.1 on fly ash stabilization, for cation exchange takes place between the metallic ions of the clay particles and the
Co is given to soybean (Glycine max) plants in pot culture by soil drenching method. Amount of Co in soil On average 1kg of soil contains 8mg of cobalt & by this amount it varies widely around the Earth from 0.1-70mg/kg. For healthy & productive soil amount of Co must be 1-2mg/kg. How does Co get into the soil It is not present on earth freely because of oxygen on atmosphere and chlorine in ocean. It occurs in soil naturally through two major sources 1.
Acid rain is a term that refers to a mixture of wet and dry deposited material that contains higher amounts of sulfuric and nitric acids. Acid rain can be caused by natural phenomenon such as the ash from a volcanic eruption or decaying vegetation. Acid rain can also be human made from the combustion of fossil fuels that releases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. Acid rain transpires once these gases react within the atmosphere with oxygen, water, and other chemicals to create different acidic compounds. The effect of this reaction is a solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
Lineament density of an area can ultimately expose the groundwater potential, since the presence of lineaments usually signifies a permeable zone. Areas with high lineament density are good for groundwater potential zones. 4.5 Slope Slope determines the rate of infiltration and runoff of surface water, the flat surface areas can hold and drain the water inside of the ground, which can increase the ground water recharge whereas the steep slopes increase the runoff and decrease the infiltration of surface water into ground. The slope of the study area has been calculated in degrees based on the DEM model. 4.6
The development of the soil profile is the re-arrangement of soil particles into soil horizons, each of them with specific properties (Batjes, 2009).These horizons are distinguished by the soil’s color, texture, consistency, and structure. Horizons also vary in chemical characteristics or composition (Mack et al., 1993). There are four main horizons with other sub horizons included namely: A horizon, B horizon, C horizon and D horizon alongside O and E. Each horizon has different physical and chemical properties, which result from various soil forming processes such as weathering, introduction of humus and movement of minerals (Retallack,
Hypothesis: Limestone and marbles are forms of calcium carbonate. They are used in many historical buildings as building material. Acids such as H2SO4 directly attack and erode these materials. I predict that at higher pH the marble chips will be lose more mass than at lower pH as the stronger the acid the more the calcium carbonate is being
There are many factors that effect soil pH such as precipitation, burning fossil fuel and parental materials in which the soils form from. Precipitation is one of the major factors that effect soil pH. Higher precipitation will cause the soil pH to decrease because Calcium and Magnesium gets leached away from the soil. Acid rain can also cause a significant change in the soil pH and this is caused by such things as gases produced when burning fossil fuel. When the acidifying elements remain in the gases produced, acid rain will occur causing the soil pH to decrease and become more acidic which leaches many of the soil nutrients.
LL of soil is 36.7%. Graph 5.1 shows the effect of admixture on LL of soil. Graph5.1 Effect of admixture on Liquid Limit of soil; The LL of soil when lime, fly ash, lime + fly
Heavy metals can be found in different products through natural and anthropogenic processes, and contamination can originate from various sources (Gall, Boyd, & Rajakuna, 2015). Contamination in agriculture could be from the soil, water and irrigation methods used. In hot dry season, the wastewater used to irrigate the crops in Zambian farms in East Africa were found to contain above acceptable levels of chromium and copper, and during the dry season, copper, chromium, nickel and cobalt in likewise considerably high amounts were identified. It was inferred that the large amounts of heavy metal in the soil were probably due to the seepage of water from the dams nearby the sample area and natural copper content of the soils because of the close