H Pylori Case Study
diagnosis :
A variety of methods for the detection of H. pylori have been described shortly after the identification of this pathogen and they have been continually improved and extended over time. Diagnostic methods for H. pylori infection are usually classified as invasive and noninvasive. The invasive tests including histology, urease tests and culture, require upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for obtaining the diagnostic sample. On the other hand, non-invasive methods include the urea breath test, serology and stool antigen test .(12)
Invasive Methods :
Rapid Urease Test
The Rapid Urease Test (RUT) is a popular invasive diagnostic H. pylori test that is relatively quick, cheap and simple to perform. It detects the presence of urease in
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Along with routinely applied stainings like Giemsa, hematoxylin, and eosin, there are some more specific staining procedures which facilitate the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. However, the accuracy of the histopathological diagnosis of H. pylori always depends on the number and the location of collected biopsy materials. While H. pylori can be detected in even a single biopsy taken from the correct site, to achieve a higher sensitivity, multiple biopsies are recommended. …show more content…
ELISA formats comprising monoclonal antibodies against H. pylori proteins showed improved results compared to polyclonal approaches. The current guideline evaluates the use of the stool antigen test as equivalent to the UBT if a validated laboratory-based monoclonal antibody is used.(13)
Serological Test
Immune responses against H. pylori are utilized to detect infection by analyzing patients’ blood or serum for IgG and IgA antibodies. Serology is the only test which is not affected by those local changes in the stomach that could lead to a low bacterial load and to false negative results. According to guidelines proposed by the Maastricht conference, only IgG detection is considered and the favored method is ELISA. Currently, different formats of serological tests are available, including simple ELISAs that use whole lysates or recombinantly produced H. pylori proteins as antigens. (13)
Prevalence of H. pylori in Children :
Mainly the H. pylori infection occurs during childhood, especially under the age of 5 years, and H. pylori prevalence in the adulthood depends on infection in the childhood. It is important to determine the status of current H. pylori infection in children including prevalence, incidence, and origin of infection because such evidence can be used to expect the incidences of H. pylori-related diseases in the future and can also be incorporated into a prevention strategy for gastric cancer
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