Literature is commonly classified as two major forms, as fiction and non-fiction and two major techniques, as poetry and prose. It may consist of texts based on factual information, such as polemical works as well as autobiography and reflective easy as well as bellas-letters. According to historical periods Literature can be classified into genres and political influences. The concept of genres, which was earlier limited, has been broadened over the centuries.
British Literature is literature in the language of English from the United Kingdom, Isles of Man, and Island’s Channel. Anglo-Saxon literature is included, and there is some discussion of Anglo-Norman and Latin literature, where literatures in these languages relate to the early development
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A central tenet is that the means of production is the economic base that influences or determiners the political life. Under the theory of Marxism, outdated class structure were supposed to be overthrown with the force revolution instead of being replaced through patient modification. It is held that as Capitalism has succeeded feudalism, it will be deleted by a dictator of his workers proletariat called socialism, followed quickly and inevitably by a classes society which governs itself without a governing class or …show more content…
The expression “Hard Times” generally means a period of slump or depression when food is scanty, when wages are low, and when unemployment is widespread. However, Dickens has not used this phrase in that sense. What Dickens means by this phrase is a general state of affairs in which the lives of people are inhibited or restricted and in which people are prevented from giving a free and spontaneous outlet to their natural feelings and sentiments. The phrase implies a kind of bondage to routine and calculation which result from mechanisation and industrialism.
THE OTHER SOCIAL PURPOSE
The second social purpose of Hard Times is more difficult to define. It seems to be concerned with a radical criticism of the very structure of society. Dickens is opposed to the oppression of the poor and of the workers by the rich. But this attitude is partly obscured by his wish to attack, simultaneously, a particular school of economic thinkers, so that his conclusions in that direction remain indistinct. Besides, other elements interfere with the clarity and pungency with which social ideas are expressed in this novel.
A KIND OF
In Hard Times, Charles Dickens’ intentions for providing Judeo-Christian religious references were to support the opposition of utilitarianism that would have been instantly recognized by members of Protestant England. A literary allusion is a “brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance” (Allusion). Dickens used allusion to describe and emphasize facts about many of the characters, as well as their actions or circumstances, to present facts, and to “impose his fictional world upon the reader” (Larson 18). Through the use of allusion, the reader is able to view “Dickens’ fictional world in an eternal order of value” and to “judge characters and read plots as moral
Scrooge is portrayed as part of the upper class in this story and you can see that through his selfish, unsharing ways. The last example is this quote, “reeked with crime, filth, and misery”. This is describing how the streets looked and emphasis on misery. Dickens wanted to point out that the streets were “reeked”, meaning crowded with poor and miserable
Literature is frequently comprehended by most people as a mass of writings. In particular, it refers to those reckoned to have the aptitude of being inventive and rational, or which deploy languages which departed from the common usage. Global literature, on the other hand, has two different definitions where the first one explains it as the summation of all literatures of the world, including personal and nationalized work. The second definition is, global literature consists of the world’s classics, or the most sought after works that are read across time, ethnic and language borders in which they were produced and become the intercontinental patrimony of civilization. (Gafrik, 2009, p. 28)
The society of the 1800s had an atrocious attitude towards charities and the poor. Charles Dickens had a first hand experience to this barbaric society. At a young age, his father was ripped away from him to be put into a debtors prison and Dickens was then forced to work at a blacking factory. There, he was exposed to all the inequitable treatment of the corrupt government. Dickens wanted reform against the unjust system, but improvement didn’t seem to be an option.
In the beginning of the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution caused a massive economic spike from small-scale production to large factories and mass production. Capitalism became the prevalent mode of the economy, which put all means of production in the hands of the bourgeoisie, or the upper class. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels argue that capitalism centralizes all the wealth and power in the bourgeoisie, despite the proletariat, or the working class, being the overwhelming majority of the population. The manufacturers would exploit the common proletariat and force them to would work in abysmal conditions and receive low wages, furthering the working class poverty. “The Communist Manifesto” predicts that as a result of the mistreatment
Literature is a various collection of stories and there are all distinct types. Literature first began in 700 to 702 bc. The subjects in literature are the author's life, events and characters, development of characters, tone, theme, tone, and works reflect. Some famous authors that have used literature include William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and Charles Dickens. Jane Austen is an incredibly open and free writer, who created detailed character relationships, also creates flawed characters who are easy to relate to, and put them in tough situations, Austen was self-aware and realistic.
Dickens goes on to describe Ignorance and Want in a pitiful manner
The Industrial revolution had many benefits such as the introduction of mass production, which allowed for the price of consumer goods to plummet, yet as with most changes, there are both supporters and non-supporters. Consequently. the first people who started to feel the negative effect of the Industrial Revolution were skilled artisans such as cloth workers. This is best exemplified in the Yorkshire Cloth Worker’s Petition.
He argues that with all the pressures of class conflict and the imbalance of capitalism there is no way that this pattern can continue without a major revolution. Marx compares capitalism to anarchy, in the sense that there is no organization within which only causes chaos. The common pattern of capitalism is a boom followed by a bust, and that bust leads to recession and social unrest. This sort of fickle economy, Marx believes, will furthermore contribute to the downfall of capitalism. This socialist revolution would, “abolish private ownership of key elements of economy and change nature of relationships from ones based on marriage and property.”
Charles Dickens argues in his writing A Christmas Carol that the poor was being treated cruelly and the rich does not care for the poor. Pg 34 “We should make some slight provisions for the poor and destitute, who suffer greatly at this present time”. This statement shows that the poor and destitute were not provided with anything and they suffered a lot. ”If they would rather die they better do it, and decrease the surplus population”.
The Long Path to Redemption Many people in the world today are looking for some sort of redemption for an act they have committed in the past. This is the same for many characters in A Tale of Two Cities, who have committed, willingly or unwillingly, immoral acts to others in their past. By the end of the book, however, Dickens shows that many of these characters, each facing their own wildly different issues, are still redeemed by the end. Regardless of the external and internal struggles characters suffer from, the theme of redemption illustrates that no one is a lost cause and that everyone can be saved.
Entering a conversation about literature ‘Once upon a time’ a short story by Nadine Gordimer transports the reader through the narration of an interpretation of Apartheid in South Africa. The author used the story of a white family whose members at first “Loved each other very much and were living happily ever after” (Gordimer, 1). Yet, at the end trying to find more happiness away from the black population end up living a tragedy with the death of their son. This misfortune was due to their obsessive fear of the black world. During apartheid, white identity has schemed as power over the blackness of the rest of the population which was segregated.
Bourgeoisie, which gains the power, defines superstructure “including all social and legal institution, all political and educational systems, all religions and all art” (Bressler, 162), and articulate the ideology which is based on profits of bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie ideology leads to alienation of individuals, especially proletariats. This bourgeoisie ideology creates the clash between the two classes. Marx supported the working class and their victory over dominant class. Marxism believes in providing equal opportunity to the working class as that are available to the
African Literature contains traditional oral and written literatures in Afro-Asiatic and African languages merge with the Africans works in European languages. Traditional written literature limits to a small geographic area than oral literature. Oral literature is the most characteristic of sub-Saharan cultures and it participates in the cultures of Mediterranean. In particular, they write literatures in both Hausa and Arabic languages. It creates by the scholars of Northern Nigeria and the Somali people produces a traditional literature in written form.
In the Communist manifesto, a well known quote of Marx, “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” This is introductory to the first part of the pamphlet and a conclusion to Marx’s theory about class struggle. Marx’s highly structured on how the class struggle emerges and affects the development of a society. The development of a society from the old and from the new is the result of the conflict of classes in the society.