Hate Crime In Philippines

I. Introduction

Hate crimes is a social problem that existed for many years already. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender is also one of the major victims of this kind of crime. An LGBT person is defined by their sexual orientation and that it changes as time passes by, that mostly depends on their culture and histories. Hate crimes which are also called bias crime are any act used to harm or intimidate others because of their race, religion, color, creed, gender or sexual orientation. The issue of LGBT people has been popular worldwide, specifically their experience towards victimization over those years that passed by. According to the FBI annual Hate Crime Statistics report that is released on December 08, 2014, one example of the bias

In Bucks County, PA, for example, two men were convicted of first-degree murder of a gay man. The victim was found dead with multiple stab wounds and his throat slit; his car had been set on fire (Correll, 1988; National Gay and Lesbian Task Force [NGLTF], 1988). Philippines is not an exemption on this kind of crime, in fact it is also given much attention recently. Last October 11, 2014 in Olongapo, Philippines a Filipina Trans woman Jennifer Laude was allegedly killed by Private First Class Joseph Scott Pemberton because of his unawareness of the gender. The dead body was found inside the comfort room of a disco bar in Olongapo with a naked body, partially covered from the waist down and her head leaning on the rim of the toilet bowl. Prosecution of the case rested on June 30, 2015 (en.wikipedia-org/wiki/Death_of_Jennifer_Laude). Incidents that are stated above clearly show that different treatment towards LGBT people and that

Also showed in several studies that these groups of people (LGBT members) are most likely hesitant in reporting the crime committed against them because they think that police officers will also treat them differently (Berrill & Herek, 1992; Comstock, 1989; Finn & McNeil, 1987; Gross et al., 1988) due to the perception of fear of being unsympathetically approached (Berrill & Herek, 1992). According to the previous research, victimization on gay men is high on physical violence than lesbians do. Gays are also more victimized in their identified areas, whereas lesbian are more often victimized in or near their homes (Aurand, Addessa, & Bush, 1985; Comstock, 1989; Gross, Aurand, & Addessa, 1988; LeBlanc, 1991). In New York, Los Angeles, and Seattle they began to implement to recruit and build programs that focuses to target about the common problems of gay men and lesbians including those bisexual and transgender; and these programs are to respond to the complaints of LGBT members about victimization against them to emphasized closer ties between officers and districts they served (Gates, Carroll, & Smith, 1986; Harris, 1991; Purdum,