Heart Function Research Paper

The right ventricles only function is to pump blood into pulmonary circulation for the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps blood throughout the whole of the of the body. Describe the structure and function of the different valves within the heart: Tricuspid valve: This is found in-between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Pulmonary valve: This is found in-between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Mitral valve: This is found in-between the left atrium and the left ventricle. Aortic valve: This is found in-between the left ventricle and the aorta The left atrium tightens and relaxes which allows for more blood to enter the left ventricle.

In a human blood that is lacking oxygen is deoxygenated blood. This is called Pulmonary circulation. This blood has exchanged oxygen for carbon dioxide across cell membranes and it contains mostly carbon dioxide. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. In a tiger 's heart it pumps oxygenated blood to the body and then it pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to become oxygenated.

Veins transport blood to the heart and lungs at low pressure after receiving it from the capillaries. Valves inside the veins keep blood moving in one direction. The human body's arterial system branches out from one main artery, the dorsal aorta. Like veins, arteries have three layers: an outer layer of tissue, an inner layer of epithelial cells and a layer of muscle in between. Arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the capillaries, where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

The cardiovascular system helps blood circulate through a network of vessels in the body to give single cells oxygen and nutrients. The cardiovascular system in our body consists of the heart and blood vessels which are further more split in to capillaries, arteries and veins. The human heart pumps the blood via the blood vessels and is split in to four sections. The right side of the heart moves poorly oxygenated blood and the left side is responsible for moving highly oxygenated blood. Oxygenated blood that is pumped throughout the body by the arteries which is then supplied to the body tissue as they need to survive.

Carbonic acid then ionizes to shape H+ and HCO3-(bicarbonate). By conforming the blood convergence of carbon dioxide and accordingly of carbonic acid, the procedure of ventilation keeps up legitimate acid-base balance of the blood. Metabolic acidosis stimulates hyperventilation, which can bring about a respiratory alkalosis as a halfway remuneration. Amid exercise there is expanded ventilation, or hyperpnea, which is coordinated to the expanded metabolic rate so that the blood vessel blood PCO2 stays ordinary. Amid overwhelming exercise the anaerobic edge may be come to at around 55% of the maximal oxygen uptake.

This circle is used, so that if a cranial artery is obstructed, the design of the circle permits partial blood supply to the area (Starkey, et al., 2011). 16. Vertebral artery a. The vertebral artery is one of two key arteries located along the back of the neck that carry blood from the heart to the brain, spine, and neck muscles (AnatomyExpert,

The left coronary artery is significantly larger and supplies the left heart. The left subclavian artery branches directly from the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The aorta curves above the heart before running down the front of the backbone. “The brachiocephalic artery, also known as the brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery, is much shorter than the aortic arch and splits into two to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid

The partial pressure of oxygen is lower at the muscle so the oxygen is unloaded at the muscle from the hemoglobin. At this point in time carbon dioxide is also traded off into three different forms: Stored in platelets, Converted to bicarbonate, and some is stored in the hemoglobin. The hemoglobin then makes a trip back around to the lungs and the bicarbonate is turned back into carbon dioxide and water. At this sametime the carbon dioxide from the

Pathophysiology The present of a patent foramen ovale is required to permit blood flow across the septum into the left atrium, the patent duct arteriosus allows blood to flow to the pulmonary artery into the lungs. VSD allows a modest amount of blood to enter the right ventricle &pulmonary artery. Thus pulmonary blood flow is diminished. Clinical manifestation - Cyanosis - Tachycardia - Dyspnea - Hypoxia with clubbing Management For neonates whose pulmonary blood flow depends on the patency of the ductus arteriosus, a continuous infusion of Prostaglandin E1, is started until surgical intervention can be arranged. Palliative treatment: A Bidirectional Clenn shunt can be performed at 6-9 month.

The brain and nervous system are able to control both the heart rate and blood pressure due to the two carotid sinuses, that are located in the right and left carotids, and the aortic arch. The nerve endings on the outer layer of both the carotid sinuses and the aortic arch form two different nerves, which are known as baroreceptors. Baroreceptors, or receptors for pressure, send information concerning what is happening in blood vessels, particularly about stretch. The more pressure in blood vessels, the more they stretch. These pressure receivers send multiple signals to the Medulla oblongata and brainstem.