Heart Valve Replacement Case Study

Sadly there are many pediatric heart conditions in the world that are treated every day, and many more arise as well these cases include ASD, VSD, PDA and TOF. The first major condition being Atrial Septal Defect (ASD). This defect is actually in the septum the wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart. A hole in the wall between the two upper chambers is called an atrial septal defect, or (ASD). This is one of the least complex forms of congenital heart defect of the many in infants, and was one of the first types to actually be repaired surgically. Normally, low-oxygen blood entering the right side of the heart stays on the right side, and subsequently oxygen-rich blood stays on the left side of the heart, where it is then pumped to the body and tissues. When a defect or "hole" is present between the atria (or upper chambers of heart), some oxygen-rich blood leaks back to the right side of the heart. It then goes back to the lungs even though it is already rich enough in oxygen. Because of this, there is a significant increase in the blood that goes to the lungs overall.

Small hernias (non-reducible), where the contents cannot be put back through the abdominal wall, by pressure under the skin or navel. These seldom cause problems and can often be left alone. It is however recommended that it be checked regularly to ensure the texture, size and color have not changes. If you notice any changes quickly consult with your

There is a common misconception about the field of paleontology. Many people believe it’s boring, that it’s irrelevant, and that it’s even a waste of time. However, as award winning paleontologist and author Neil Shubin argues in his novel, Your Inner Fish, the field of paleontology has the potential to change the way we view our bodies. Shubin rose to fame in the mid ‘00s after discovering a brand new fossil on the coast of Ellesmere Island. This fossil was of a creature that was part land animal and part fish, containing the flat head and joints of a land animal and the fins and webbing of a fish. Naming this animal Tiktaalik, Shubin wrote, “This fish doesn’t just tell us about fish; it also contains a piece of us” (67). The arrangement of

Pediatric interventional cardiology is a passion and a dream which I hope one day to realize. During my first pediatric residency training, I realized the depth of my interest in cardiology. I found pleasure and interest in all the pediatric cardiology rotations; however, cardiac catheterization, despite the limited sophistication with which it was performed, captivated me. As there were no training opportunities available back home and few interventional procedures can be done due to lack of experience in congenital interventional cardiology. Therefore, I decided to pursue a second pediatric residency training in the USA to allow me the opportunity for further training in pediatric cardiology and eventually congenital cardiac intervention.

In this paper I will talk about congenital heart defect (CHD). This is also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease. It is a problem in the structure of the heart. I will tell you how it is acquired, signs, symptoms, medications to help it, and about lab test done to keep track of it.

This machine does the work of the patient’s heart and lungs while they are stopped (Heart Transplant Procedure). The main arteries are also connected to the machine to pump the patient’s blood, and supplies the body with oxygen. Most heart transplants are done with a method called orthotopic surgery, where most of the heart is removed but the back half of both upper chambers, called atria, are left in place (Heart Transplant Procedure). The front half of the donor heart is then sewn to the back half of the old heart and the donor's aorta and pulmonary arteries are connected to the individual’s (Heart Transplant Procedure). This surgical procedure is considered one of the easier heart surgeries and is not complicated to perform. Approximately 85 to 90 percent of heart transplant patients are living one year after the surgery, with an annual death rate of approximately four percent thereafter. When the patient has lived for about three years after the procedure, the survival rate approaches about 75 percent (Patient education: Heart transplantation (Beyond the Basics)). In the first year, most deaths are due either to acute rejection (18 percent) or infections (22 percent). Infections often develop as a result of the anti-rejection medications and weakened immune system that are required to prevent rejection (Patient education: Heart

The mitral valve, which is also sometimes referred to as the bicuspid valve, is one of the four cardiac valves1 in the heart, located beneath the left atrium and above the left ventricle (Figure 1), preventing backflow of blood between these two chambers of the heart. The word mitral comes from the latin word mitra which translates as a turban or belt2.

2. First, an I.V is entered into your arm, this puts you to sleep. Then a doctor puts antiseptic over your skin, and makes a cut going down your chest to expose the diseased heart. Tubes are placed in your chest to keep the blood pumping through your body. When the old heart is taken out, the new heart is sown in place. Once the new heart is in, it will begin to beat, and a doctor will monitor it until he/she is sure the heart is functioning properly. Using small wires the chest area is sown back together. Tubes than get inserted into the chest to drain any extra fluids

“An average heart has four chambers; two upper, called the atria and two lower, called the ventricles. The right side of the heart receives blood that is returning from the body. This oxygen-lacking blood arrives in the right atrium, where it is pumped into the right ventricle. The right ventricle sends the blood to the lungs, where it is picks up plenty of oxygen. This oxygen-rich blood then enters the left atrium and is pumped into the left ventricle, which pumps blood through the aorta to all the organs and tissues of the body” (Blaser). That is the structure of the heart, and that so happens to be the most important organ in an organism’s body. The heart helps people get oxygen, keep the organs alive, and it keeps us alive. If this major organ fails and has problems, them that will be really bad. Although There are other major problems in the health world, cardiac problems should be prioritized by doctors.

The heart is a hollow muscular organ that lies within the mediasternum, a mass of tissue extending from the sternum down to the vertebral column between the lungs. Structurally, the heart is composed of three layers of tissue; epicardium, myocardium (middle layer) and endocardium (inner layer). The epicardium is a layer of muscle composed of mesothelium and connective tissue sheltering the external surfaces of the heart. This external layer is directly merged with the myocardium internally and is in contact with the serous layer of the pericardium. In some cases, it is viewed as a division of the inner layer of the pericardium, the pericardium being the membrane surrounding and protecting the heart essentially keeping the heart in its right

The heart is the most important organ in the body aside from the brain. It provides the body with much needed blood. The heart has many functions to perform and undertake if it is to provide and support the lifeform that it is within. The major function of the heart is pumping oxygenated blood around the body in order for the body to work to its highest ability. In order for the muscles in the body to function properly, blood is needed. The heart pumps blood to all the important areas throughout the body through an artery known as the aorta (which is the main artery which leads from the body). A thick layer of muscle called the septum which separates both sides of the heart. The deoxygenated blood exits through the right ventricle of the heart

The medical complications Mr. Smith may suffer due to the irreversible myocardial damage would be determined by the degree of heart injury after the MI, and the location of cardiac heart muscle damage ( right or left ventricles). Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) can develop due to damage to the muscles. They can either be mild, such as tachycardia, bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, or severe and fatal, such as a complete heart block, and ventricular arrhythmia. Heart failure due to ineffectively circulation of blood related to damaged cardiac muscles may also occur. Cardiogenic shock can also happen if the heart is no longer able supply sufficient blood to body organs. Heart rupture may happen to areas of the heart weakened by the heart

The heart is a vital organ, which pumps blood around the body which allows all of the cells and organs in the body to receive oxygen and nutrients that they require to function. It is a part of the cardiovascular system which also includes the blood vessels and veins. Within the heart, there are four chambers – two atria and two ventricles- and between each chamber there is a valve which blood flows through as it leaves the chamber. Valves have the physiological role of preventing blood flowing backwards through the heart. Unidirectional flow is critical and allows the heart to function in the most efficient way possible (Moore, 2014). The mechanism in which the heart valves work is complex and crucial in the cardiovascular system. If the

These technological advancements have highly increased the growth in acceptance and knowledge from the patient’s point of view, however, one has to consider any negative aspects or complications the pacemaker might come by when implanted. Data gathered between February 2007 and January 2010 conclude that several extractions had to be made due to pneumothoraxes’ or displacement of the device. A total of 1,286 were made over the period, with 94 complications. Displacement of the leads was the most common factor comprising of 39 cases, pneumothorax in 30 cases, 19 patients suffered from infections with another three patients suffering from perforations. The rate of infection is very low compared to lead displacement and pneumothorax, reflecting that the acces is made via the subclavian vein. This data has been selected from a high volume district general hospital in the UK (Richard B et al, 2012).

Pediatricians have one of the toughest jobs in the world for a variety of reasons. First and foremost, it’s never nice to see anybody ill, least of all a child. It’s heartbreaking to be confronted with an ailing toddler and know you’re the only person who can help them. Secondly, children tend to shout and scream and be everything other than cooperative when they are brought to the doctor. They react in much the same way a cat does when brought to a vet. This makes it very easy to become distracted from what you are doing, meaning it is imperative to have top class tools to ensure you don’t make a mistake on the job.