Heat Exchanger Essay

Heat exchanger is a device which provides a flow of thermal energy between two or more fluids at different temperatures. There are many problems created in the segmental heat exchanger during and after the work. The major causes of this problem is the geometry of heat exchanger, type of fluid used, type of material etc., The purpose of this work is to design the shell and tube heat exchanger which is one among the majority type of liquid –to –liquid heat exchanger. Since the important design parameters such as the pitch ratio, tube length, and tube layer as well as baffle spacing has a direct effect on pressure drop and effectiveness, they are considered to be the key parameters in this work. General design consideration and design procedure

In some cases, a solid wall may separate the fluids and prevent them from mixing. In other designs, the fluids may be in direct contact with each other. In the most efficient heat exchangers the surface area and to induce turbulence. There are 3 primary flow arrangements with heat exchangers: counter – flow, parallel flow and cross flow. The most common type of heat exchangers used in the process, the shell on the other hand holds the tube bundle and acts as the conduit for the fluid. The shell assembly houses the shell side connections and is the actual structure into which the tube bundle is placed. Shell and tube heat exchangers are used in applications where the pressure and temperature demands are high. They serve a wide range of applications in compressor system, hydraulic system, stationary engines, pain systems, air dryers lube oil consoles and several marine applications.

Factors affecting heat transfer enhancement of shell-and-tube heat exchangers

Every exchangers is subject to mechanical stress from a variety of sources in addition to temperature gradients. There are mechanical stresses which result from the construction techniques used on the exchangers, example, tube and tube sheet stresses resulting from rolling in the

There are several possible consequences of tube vibration, all of the load. The tubes may vibrate against the baffles which can eventually cut holes in the tubes. Vibration is caused by repeated unbalanced forces being applied to the tubes. Although progress is being made, the prediction of whether or not a given heat exchangers configuration will adequately resist vibration is not yet a well-developed science. The two best ways to avoid vibration problems are to support the tubes as rigidly as possible e.g. close baffle spacing and to keep the velocities