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Heavy Metal Pollution In The Environment

1570 Words7 Pages

INTRODUCTION Heavy metal pollution in the environment has become a serious issue globally. Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium and lead, have been found to be present in amounts higher than the natural level in the environment due to anthropogenic activities. Those industries which utilize these metals, such as the semiconductors, battery manufacturing, metal plating and paint, significantly contribute to the pollution loading in the environment (1–3). The indiscriminate discharge of chromium metals into water resources causes serious health hazards to humans and environment because of their toxicity. Chromium exists in trivalent form and hexavalent form in aqueous systems. Cr (III) ions …show more content…

The trivalent chromium ions found in the sludge are chromium nitrate hydrate (Cr(NO3)•9H2O), chromium chloride (CrCl3), chromium oxide hydroxide (CrOOH), chromium hydroxide hydrate (Cr(OH)3•3H2O) and chromium sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3). The data show the presence of traceable amounts of hexavalent chromium ions such as chromium carbonyl (C6CrO6) and ammonium chromium oxide ((NH4)2Cr2O7) in the unamended sludge and sludge amended by ZVIN. The formation of iron chromium oxide hydrate (Fe2Cr4O15•4H2O) observed in the sludge amended by ZVIN is due to the reaction between iron and chromium compounds. The EDX analysis showed the presence of oxygen, calcium, carbon, chromium, chloride, sodium, sulphur, aluminium, magnesium, silicon and iron in the unamended sludge/control and sludge amended by ZVIN. The SEM image showed that the sludge amended by ZVIN was found to be more agglomerated than the unamended sludge. This may be due to the binding of chromium ions on the surfaces of nanoparticles and nanobiocomposites. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of amine groups, carboxylic groups etc. in the treated tannery sludge and the involvement of these functional groups in the retention of chromium …show more content…

The results suggest that the leachability of chromium from the tannery sludge with ZVIN was found to decrease with increase in time and pore volumes. The sludge amended by ZVIN particles attained 0 mg/L leaching at 24th pore volume whereas the unamended sludge continued leaching even after 24th pore volume and at 30th pore volume, the leachability of chromium from unamended sludge was found to be 1.174 mg/L. The XRD, FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed the retention of chromium ions by the ZVIN particles, attributed to the minimal leaching of chromium ions from the tannery

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