Informed Consent “The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” details the injustice and hardships that an African American woman endured when skin color determined the value of a person/during a time dominated by racial segregation/when racial segregation was the law of the land. Born in Roanoke, Virginia, on August 1, 1920, Henrietta Lacks was forced to follow to racial segregation laws that prohibited Blacks from interacting with Whites in such public places as bathrooms, seating areas, colleges, and hospitals. Like all African Americans, she was treated as an inferior member of society due to her skin color. At the age of thirty, Mrs. Lacks had developed cervical cancer and went to Johns Hopkins Hospital, which only treated Blacks at the time. …show more content…
What they often forget is that their patients may not have the same level of education as they do and that they may not be able to comprehend the information. Low health literacy can hinder the patient's decision making when it comes to understanding their health status and recognizing the health risks associated with medical procedures. Most medical facilities expect patients to understand the risks and benefits that happen to their health when they want treatments/experiments to be performed on them. Before they receive treatments from doctors, the patient is first given an informed consent. It is standard procedure for the patients to sign an informed consent while being supervised by a medical employee. Also, all the information on the document must be explained at the patient’s discretion. If the patient does not fully understand the information provided with the risks and benefits they will not receive proper treatment and health …show more content…
If the patient were to die during surgery or procedures, the physicians would not be held accountable if the patient signs the consent form stating they were aware of the risks to their care. It’s important for the patient to ask any questions if they are confused on any information that was given to them. Even though, if the patient is diagnosed with a life-threatening disease or infection they have the right to refuse from signing the consent form. Since the patient is legally competent to make their own decisions that regard their health, they can still disregard any treatments that are being done to them. In most cases, doctors that perform experiments on the patient without their knowledge and without their consent is known as unethical human experiment. Around the 1900s, doctors’ experimentation on their patients that involved their consent had raised little concern. Between 1920 and 1930, Syphilis was a crucial health problem. Healthcare was offered to people who earned low incomes in the South. African Americans were normally low-income citizens in the South and they were not perceived equal to whites. They were prone to have more health problems. There was a group launch called the Julius Rosenwald Fund that originally promoted proper health care for blacks. Yet, after the Great Depression, the organization was reformed.
Henrietta Lacks did not know that a tissue sample had been taken from her cervix, but the turning point in medical ethics was when researchers started injecting patients with cancer cells without their consent, so they could see how cancer spreads. After that, the government institutionalized medical review boards and informed consent laws. By law, informed consent means that the patient knows that the study involves research, the purpose of the research, the duration of their participation, procedure,
Henrietta Lacks was an African American woman from the 1900s. She was diagnosed with cancer and had her cancer cells cultured without her consent. These cancer cell lines are known as HeLa cell lines and one of the first immortalized cell lines utilized in current medical research. The fundamental issue with Henrietta Lacks’ HeLa cells is that the researchers never obtained consent for the use of these cells; nevertheless, these cells have benefitted greatly for the area of research. Not only were the cells useful for finding treatments for diseases, but the cells were also utilized in space studies too.
In today’s world people are endowed to full rights when it comes to their medical wellbeing. When seeking medical care from physicians and professionals we expect a full explanation of our health and possible treatment plans. It is even law that we provide informed consent before proceeding with care. “The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” by Rebecca Skloot is a thought provoking novel that takes a close and personal look at the story of Henrietta Lacks and her family. She is an African American woman whose cells were used for the advancement of medicine, all without her knowing.
In modern society, most depend on the opinion of a trained healthcare professional to ensure a solution to an issue. But what does one do when the patient has no understanding of the potential harm and side effects caused? Henrietta Lacks, a black woman of low social status, faced the trials of cervical cancer without providing informed consent, or the “legal rules that prescribe behaviors for physicians and other healthcare professionals.” If Lacks had not been a crusader in informed consent, then the legacy of patient awareness would not exist today. Lacks’ story takes place in Baltimore, Maryland when she checks into Johns Hopkins Hospital, to address a pain in her lower abdomen.
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks has been called “funny, tender”, and “vivid” (Penguin Random House). People have said that “Henrietta Lacks … comes fully alive” (Penguin Random House) in this novel, and it is considered “an amazing story [and is] deeply chilling” by many readers across the globe (Penguin Random House). On the contrary, one Tennessee parent thought that The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks was too pornographic for her fifteen-year-old son. She made claims to her son’s school that The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks was “pornographic” and that “it could be told in a different way” (Coder). Jackie Sims did not like how Skloot described Henrietta finding her cervical tumor or how she referenced that Mr. Lacks cheated on his
According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, consent is defined as “a formal agreement that a patient signs to give permission for a medical procedure (such as surgery) after having been told about the risks, benefits, etc,” (Webster). During the time that Lacks was hospitalized, informed consent was not really practiced in the medical field. “In 1951, the cells of Henrietta Lacks were taken without her consent,” (Stumps 127). Because she was not informed of the usage of her cells, this practice was extremely unethical. Doctors were aware of this clause but because it was not used widespread, most tended to overlook it and use different organs and cells in the name of research.
M McCready Charlie Gordon, the narrator of "Flowers for Algernon," is a thirty-two year old man who has an I.Q. of only 68. He has a job as janitor at a factory and goes to night school to try to make himself smarter. Charlie has dire eagerness to learn, which is why he was picked as a test subject for an experimental surgery to enhance his intelligence. After he gets the surgery, Charlie keeps progress reports to see how much his intelligence actually increases. But were his doctors ethical in using Charlie as a test subject in the surgery?
In the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, education plays a substantial role in what occurs throughout the book. Many major events are related to people not understanding what is happening to them. Skloot brings up the topic ’Lack of Education,’ frequently and this affected Henrietta's treatments, and how her family viewed the situation, and how the black community viewed scientist overall. In many occasions lack of education causes a major event to happen, “she didn't write much, and she hadn't studied science in school,”(pg 16) with little education Henrietta had no idea what was wrong with her. Without Henrietta or her family knowing symptoms of certain diseases Henrietta does not go to the hospital till the end.
It was a rainy day in Maryland, Baltimore when a colored woman quickly jumped out of her husband car and then swiftly rushed past the colored restroom, “the only one she was allowed to use”(Skloot 13) and into the entrance of the John Hopkins hospital. Upon her arrival, the women went straight to the receptionist desk and unhesitantly reported “I got a knot on my womb”(Skloot 13). After she was taken for a medical examination, the woman was then told to go home without any idea or clue that there was something deadly that was both growing and dividing on her cervix. The woman was known as Henrietta Lacks, and this book nicely depicted how a poor, uneducated African American woman was taken advantage without her consent and then became one of the greatest figures in the medical field. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is a non-fiction research and biographical novel written by Rebecca Skloot, which depicted the life and the
Racism in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Imagine your mother, sister, wife, or cousin was diagnosed with cervical cancer and you believed the doctors were doing everything in their power to help her. Only later you discovered her cells were used for research without consent and she was not properly informed of the risks of her treatment due to her race. This story happened and is told by Rebecca Skloot in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. Skloot use of narrative and her writing style enhances the understanding of the story. Henrietta Lacks was a young black woman who was diagnosed with cervical cancer at John Hopkins Hospital.
Abuse in Henrietta Lacks In 1951 a woman by the name of Henrietta Lacks was diagnosed with carcinoma of the cervix, little did she know that her cells were immortal. Many advances have occurred because of them such as, the polio vaccine, cloning, gene mapping and many more. No one, at the time, could have thought that this could come from a poor black tobacco farmer. The hardships of the families are discussed in the book as well.
For instance, participant are informed of possible risk, expected benefits, what’s known and not known, etc. - in a clinical trial. Additionally, the information should not be written in words that are too technical to understand. For example, MD Anderson, a group of cancer researchers, most of these researchers has conducted hundreds of clinical trials to test new treatments for both common and rare cancer. Within this research, researchers must follow strict rules to make sure patient understand the process and are fully aware that they can withdraw from a Cancer research at any time. Similarly, in a medical practice, a surgeon will request to obtain a patient consent in order to operate, or proceed with a surgery, after patient have being made aware of the potential risk and outcome that can occur as a result of having
but that is what the patient thinks or believes. In reality, doctors are human beings. And, to err is human. Doctors may commit a mistake, but committing a mistake due to one’s own carelessness is defined as negligence. The Black law dictionary definition of negligence “conduct, whether of action or omission, which may be declared and treated as negligence without any argument or proof as to the particular surrounding circumstances, either because it is in violation of statue or valid municipal ordinance
Besides that, the doctor also should provide a balance view between the options available for the patient and explain regarding the importance of having an informed consent in the process of discussion so that the patient can make a meaningful decision. This is important because sometimes the patient may have limited awareness on legal implications of signing or not signing the consent forms, and they may not realize regarding the role of written consent as primarily serving their interests (Zafar et al.,
Contextual Project: Research in Nursing Programme BSN to MSN Name Block: BMN004 Student Name: Iqra Yasin Application No: 12908 Due Date 25-06-2015 1.