Hippocampus Synthesis Essay: Declarative Memory

Smith and Kosslyn (2007) define memory as a set of representations and processes by which information is encoded, consolidated, and retrieved. (p. 538). Models have been developed to show processes such as short-term storage that allows for problem solving and for how memory is processed from sensory input to long-term storage. Although, there are many representations of these types of processes, only a few will be discussed in this paper. As credit is due to all the theories and tasks that have been completed to give evidence that these processes do exist; at the present day moment experts still are not sure exactly how our brain works. Experiments done to study the processes built evidence neurologically that parts of the memory systems do show activity in parts of the brain. Making many of these modalities and processes valid and reliable when considering the main sections of memory. Consider the two main sections of memory: short term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory and long-term memory both have been examined through machinery such as a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan to prove that these processes do show through brain activity thus increasing our understanding of memory. Let us begin by further discussing long-term memory then short-term memory before attempting the contrivance of working

Memory is an idea that people often rely on for important information, however, it is something that we cannot often always rely on. Although we all believe that our memories are true, researchers have found just how easy it is to implant another idea into our brain. Multiple studies have been conducted demonstrating just how simple it is to misconstrue a false idea to be real. Researcher Bartlett (1932) was able to give us key terms to identify the concepts of memory which are reproductive and reconstructive memory. Reproductive memory is accurate memory, but reconstructive memory is trying to remember ideas and concepts but contain many errors (Bartlett, 1932, p.) These words are very important in understanding the concept of memory because

Good friend, W. (2012, December 4). Amnesia in '50 First Dates ' Retrieved July 21, 2016, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/psychologist-the-movies/201212/amnesia-in-50-first-dates

The biological approach to the basis of memory is explained in terms of underlying biological factors such as the activity of the nervous system, genetic factors, biochemical and neurochemicals. In general terms memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and recall information and past experiences afterwards in the human brain. In biological terms, memory is the recreation of past experiences by simultaneous activation or firing of neurons. Some of the major biopsychological research questions on memory are what are the biological substrates of memory, where are memories stored in the brain, how are memories assessed during recall and what is the mechanism of forgetting. The two main reasons that gave rise to the interest in biological basis of memory are that researchers became aware of the fact that many memory deficits arise from injuries to the brain. And the other reason was that they realized that psychological processes must have a physiological basis.

Memory is made up of multiple systems that help create, store, and recall your memories. They often work together in unison, but if you are under stress, like during a test, it may be harder to recall. There are many different parts of your brain that help you remember things, these include the amygdala and the hippocampus. The amygdala plays a prominent role in the brain when it processes a memory of emotional reactions or social behavior. The hippocampus is responsible for transferring short term memory to long term memory. It is one of the few parts of the

The hippocampus is a paired brain structure, which resembles a seahorse and is located in the ventromedial part of the temporal lobes. The granular cell layer of the hippocampus contains mitotically active neural stem cells (NSCs). The hippocampus forms new memories and is also associated with learning and emotions. Since the brain is symmetrical, the hippocampus is found in both hemispheres of the brain. When both sides of the hippocampus are damaged, the ability to create new memories can be delayed. The theory of the hippocampus supporting memory function was first discovered more than fifty years ago, in the case study of Henry Gustav Molaiso (H.M.). He endured a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy for the relief of epilepsy. Immediately

Memory is an important aspect of life as you are able to remember old memories and create new ones as well. In this paper, the focus is primarily on dementia. Declarative memory, procedural memory, and recall are various topics that are used to understand the roles they may play in dementia. Each topic is discussed in a paragraph. In each paragraph I introduce and explain the topic, then provide an example from the movie, The Notebook (Emmerich, Harris, Johnson, Kaplan, & Cassavetes, 2014). As I discuss each example, I will also explain how it demonstrates and links to the concept. The paper concludes with a brief discussion about the struggle between portraying accuracy of psychological topics in movies, as it was confusing for me to understand some of the connections.

Our knowledge about how the human brain works is in debt to numerous unfortunate individuals. In the early 20th Century, they were considered medical miracles, but nevertheless some pitied them. By doing so, these people that were attempting to live normally were constantly reminded of their disability(ies) to a point of exhaustion. Henry Gustav Molaison, for example, is one of the most known patients in Neuroscience. Known by H.M. until his death, he was a “neuropsychological phenomenon” that helped discover significant advances in understanding the function of memory in the “hippocampus”. H.M.’s “severe epilepsy” was the result of a highly risky operation designed to cure the debilitating epilepsy he had suffered since childhood (Dr. Gibbs, Barry, The Rough Guide to The Brain, Dr. Vann, 2012). Two holes were drilled in the front of his skull, a portion that includes half of the hippocampus on both sides, and amygdala. Because the procedure left him with no ability to store or

When we are need in nutrients, the hypothalamus releases chemical signals that allow us to feel hunger. Another structure of the limbic system is the amygdala. This structure has a function in emotional learning. When a threatening event occurs, sensory stimuli create connections with memories of the stimuli. Emotional memory and learning, thus, takes place. The hippocampus is another structure of the limbic system; this structure plays a huge role in memory. The hippocampus is involved in encoding new, short-term memories, and it is also involved in retrieval of old

An understanding of human memory is substantial in the study of cognition. As one of the most essential and influential cognitive process, memory affects various aspects of our daily life. Examples of its importance include functioning in everyday life, recognizing faces of people around us, remembering some of our basic skills that we gained through knowledge and experience. Mainly, without memory we would have the same lack of knowledge as newborn infants. (Eysenck, 1997)

This paper is on the article “Clues Hint at 2 Brain’s Memory Maps” by Sandra Blakeslee. It was issued by the New York Times on February 15th, of 1985. This piece explores amnesia and the effects it had on different types of memory. It uses various empirical evidence such as small case studies and experiments.

The Limbic System is the part of the brain responsible for emotional expression,seizure expression, and memory storage along with recall.This part of the brain is affected by dementia.There are five stages of memory, memory begins when information from the senses, such as a whiff or sound arrives in the

Alzheimer disease is a form of dementia caused by the destruction of brain cells. Alzheimer disease currently affects 60-80% of all cases of dementia, and people over the age of 70 are at a greater risk of developing it (“Alzheimer’s Disease”, 2011).

There are several types of memory. They include explicit, episodic, semantic, implicit, and procedural memory. Explicit memory is one of the two main divisions of long-term memory. It consists of all information that requires consciously remembered. An example of explicit memory is remembering what was done in class the day before or a sibling being born. Episodic memory is a memory of an autobiographical experience. It is a type of explicit memory. Normally, these memories are emotional and in great detail. A personal episodic memory for me is the Henryville tornado on March 2, 2012 which destroyed my elementary school. This memory for me is episodic because it was very emotional and I can remember almost every detail. Another type of explicit memory is semantic. It includes a person’s memory

One famous case of amnesia supporting Squire's view is patient H.M. (Scoville & Milner, 1957), who had parts of his left and right temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala and surrounding areas of both removed. He developed severe anterograde amnesia, the inability to learn new information, resulting in an almost completely absent short-term memory storage. He also had moderate retrograde amnesia, unable to remember information between 3 to 11 years prior to his surgery, but with other long-term memories unaffected. Explaining this, Squire argued that memories are consolidated in the hippocampus, easily disrupted by trauma during this. They become less dependent on the hippocampus with time, eventually being stored in the neocortex (Alvarez &