Hippocampus Lab Report

The sympathetic division is most active during times of stress, exertion, or emergency, also known as “flight or fight”. Thus, the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, and the forced contractions widen the airways making it easier to breathe. Your body now releases stored energy, which allows for increased strength in muscles, and can also cause your palms to sweat, pupils to dilate, and hair to stand up. The parasympathetic division is most active during resting conditions, hence, why it can also be called, “rest and digest”. This division controls body processes during ordinary situations.

When discussing memory the hippocampus is one of the most important aspects of the brain to consider. According to the Oxford dictionaries, the hippocampus is defined as, “the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain, thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system.” This piece of the brain is one that has been extensively researched in the past, but still presents neuroscience researchers with many unanswered questions. It is now widely accepted that the hippocampus is considered to “be essential for a specific kind of memory, known as declarative memory” ( Squire 1992). The declarative memory is defined by Dr. Squire as the explicit and relational aspects of memory and is not defined as the implicit memories that a person has. Squire continues to state that hippocampus is necessary in order for an organism to construct its entire memory.

The molecular mechanisms of various changes in the hippocampus following sound stimulation to effect neurogenesis, learning and memory are described. Sound stimulation can also modify neural connectivity in the early postnatal life to enhance higher cognitive function or even repair the secondary damages in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Thus, it becomes imperative to examine in detail the possible bettering effects of prenatal sound stimulation in various psychiatric disorders, such as

At this moment, there is a certain activation of synapses neuropsychological. This is the minute connection in between the cells which allow neurons to pass on chemical and electrical signals. When you are considering the neural basis of feelings that are valued, you actually have to consider the coalition of several synapses. When these synapses are fired, it becomes sensitive. This leads to the formation of new synapses.

Background: The tibial slope usually increases after open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO), and this increase could be related to incomplete osteotomy of the posterolateral cortex. If incomplete osteotomy is performed at the posterolateral side, the opening gap is dominantly increased at the anterior side, leading to an unnecessary increase in the posterior slope. For a good natural gap ratio, appropriate osteotomy of the posterior cortex is important. However, to date, the most appropriate osteotomy length or ratio of the posterior cortex has not been accurately established. Objectives: We aimed to 1) determine the length of the osteotomy and opening gap at the anterior and posterior side, 2) compare between uni- and bi-planar osteotomy, and 3) evaluate the relationship between extent of the osteotomy and change of the posterior tibial slope.

To what extent do you believe that psychogenic amnesia is distinct from organic amnesia? Amnesia is the total or partial loss of memory and can affect different types of memory (Madan, 2011). In order to be able to help those with amnesia using the best treatment, the different forms of amnesia need to be understood correctly. In knowing this, the treatment can be designed around the type of amnesia, with the cause, symptoms and ways to help becoming more specific and focused. By studying the diseases and improving our knowledge of the roles that memory plays we can increase our understanding of the brain structures and how the types of memory fit together.

The two main reasons that gave rise to the interest in biological basis of memory are that researchers became aware of the fact that many memory deficits arise from injuries to the brain. And the other reason was that they realized that psychological processes must have a physiological basis. In the past, researches were carried regarding the

Memories in the Human Brain When we recall memories, the brain “replays” a pattern of neural activity. These replays are not exactly the same to the original memories. Otherwise we would not know the difference between genuine experience and the memory. The human brain is divided into different parts that store and retrieve memories. How do we recall and store memories inside the brain?

When practicing an action consistently there was tangible change shown from the fMRI scans taken after these sessions generally resulting in increased masses in the part of the brain related to the action. This is because new synapses are making those connections

In this essay, I will be presenting some strengths and limitations of the reliability of one cognitive process, namely memory. Memory is defined as the process of organizing the multitude of information gathered through personal experience. Schema, defined as many networks of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about aspects of the world, can help memory be more accurate, since people tend to remember details more vividly when their schemas are activated. However, each time a person recalls a memory, the memory is reconstructed. This is known as reconstructive memory.