Historical Archaeology: The Native Alaskan Village Site

Porfirio Diaz was the dictator of Mexico, in the years of 1884 to 1911, who sought to modernize Mexico through a series of economic and social policies he had emplaced onto the country–the country consisted of the rural population and the prosperous upper class. Due to political stability, and lack of wealth–under the reign of Porfirio–there was commotion, especially amongst the middle and lower classes. Until Diaz took over and decided it was best to improve the economic stability of the country since the mexican economy was far underdeveloped. In Diaz’ journey for modernization, foreign investments originated from the implemented policies which would ultimately build Mexico back up and into a thriving country. Some Historians have assumed

The Mississippian Indians lived settled lives as they were organized into chiefdoms, which were a form of a political organization united under a leader and organized by families or differing social rank and class. Social ranking and class served as a fundamental part of their structure as people belonged to one of two groups, the elites or commoners. Many families laid under commoners, where men and women played specific roles in the social organization. The Mississippian indian women were “horticulturalists” who grew much of their food in small gardens and cultivated agricultural plants such as corns, beans, squash, sunflowers, and sumpweed. Traditionally, women would raise these crops and prepare food for daily meals. They would also maintain

Throughout history, slavery has been a common method of labor production. Globally, many countries have a history of using harsh labor to assemble goods and services. The Russian Serfs and African Slaves are comparable examples of forced labor. Although both serfs and slaves were put in similar positions, the most notable difference between the two was the difference in reasoning behind the labor.

On the calm set day of November 1,1730, everything for the Cherokee tribe seemed ordinary and the least bit unusual. The men were hunting, fishing, and preparing for the cold winter that was soon to creep upon them, while the women were back at the huts cleaning, knitting blankets, and sewing buffalo Hyde to cover the floors, trying there best to create anything to protect the families from the cold, the children

Characteristically, the settlement of American land was established almost exclusively by men, especially those of European decent. Therefore, after the Louisiana purchase -- and the consequential doubling in size of the continental United States -- the western half of the country begged to be explored and settled, a job that many believed lay in the hands of the white man. Despite the “White Man’s West” that lay readily ahead of them, many potential settlers were hesitant to travel to the newly claimed land. It wasn’t until the combination of both the California Gold Rush of 1849 and the Homestead Act of 1862, alongside the construction of complex railway systems, that a mass migration from the east coast began to occur; unsurprisingly, the majority of the demographic were indeed male. Throughout several years of work in rudimentary frontier towns and countless attempts to modernize the vast expanse of land the settlers had received, the living conditions of the Wild West remained harsh, any endeavor to provide comfort collapsed, and frankly the men west of the Mississippi River became desperate for the presence and attention of their female

William Cronon’s book, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New England identifies, examines and explains the ecological history and changes that took place in New England between the late sixteenth to the early nineteenth century, and how it affected the future of the region.

Capitalism has always been a subject of controversy throughout American history. As America expanded west and developed many new advancements in technology, more specifically the railroad, many people sought to make big profits out of the new and advantageous land. A common argument that historians often put forth about the settlement of the West was that big businesses and entrepreneurs had capitalized on the mostly untouched valuable resources of Western United States and had turned them into commodities thus destroying Native American society. Before America’s expansion into the West, Native American tribes lived in a society free of the capitalistic ideals, which in turn, made them less concerned about profit and more concerned about their

Although many history classes have taught us that Native American societies were primitive, Charles Mann along with other historians argued that Native Americans did possessed a complexed history prior to Columbus, closer examination shows that they had large rich societies in, architecture, and agriculture. Mann believes the “Indian” population was larger, and their societies more accomplished, than was earlier believed. He estimates 40-60 million, but the count keeps rising. Another false belief was that the Indians lived on the land without touching it. In fact, they used "slash and burn" to clear and create grasslands for cultivation. In the north, Indians also used this method to pushed back the hordes of bison, deer and passenger

Colonial life for early Americans was not what they originally anticipated. For a long time, they had to struggle to survive. When they came to America they were looking to be free from religious persecution. They wanted to be able to start a new life in this New World. They eventually created a thriving group of colonies, but their success did not come easy. Their ideals of settlement directly contrasted with the disease, death, slavery, rebellion, and inner-betrayal and rebellion that they struggled with.

It is an obvious truth that in order to have a functioning society, there must be workers. In modern, first world countries, labors are paid well and are reasonably treated. However, some third world nations use an economic model harkening back to older times—slavery and serfdom. Between 1450 and 1750, European countries in the Caribbean and in the Old World utilized two forms of cheap labor—slavery and serfdom—to line their coffers and feed their populace. In the Caribbean, slavery was preferred; but in Russia, serfdom ruled. While Caribbean slavery and Russian serfdom are similar in regard to economics costs, they differ in the cultural details and agricultural productions.

Sacred places can be considered sacred for a few reasons. Whether a god inhabits the site, maybe the god created the place, or may just have paid the site a visit. Sacred sites can also gain a spiritual connection from a historic religious person such as Muhammed or Jesus Christ. Birth and death places of saints and prophets are also considered sacred. These sites can also be places where relics are found such as a splinter from the cross or a bone from an apostle. These sites also gain notoriety in a scared sense if visit by an apparition (Super,50). One thing that is for certain is that the sacred must present itself to a person.

The United State’s extensive relationship with the Native Americans has its intricacies to say the least. With the arrival of English settlers at Jamestown in 1607, there were undoubtedly uncertainties amongst the Native people as to whether or not these settlers would resemble the Spanish settlers who

Native Americans’ social structure was very different from the way Anglo-American’s believed was the correct way for men and women to live. This created a major conflict as the Anglo’s begin to press on the Natives’ land. Anglo-American’s believed that the best thing for the Natives’ was to be assimilated and transformed into their way of life. The Anglo’s intervened into the Natives’ life with a Civilization Program, removal and reservations, and boarding schools. The ramifications had lasting negative effects on the Natives’ gender roles.

The Archaic Indians were the Indians that roamed the United States after the Ice Age. Archaic culture, any of the ancient cultures of North and South America that developed by Paleo- Indian traditions and led to the adoption and agriculture. Archaic cultures are defined by a group of common characteristics rather than a particular time period or location; Mesoamerica, Archaic cultures that existed from approximately 8,000-2,000BC. The primary characteristic of Archaic cultures is a change in substance and lifestyle; their paleo-indians pressures more highly nomadic, specialized hunters and gatherers who relied on few species of wild plants and game, but Archaic peoples lived in larger groups, were sedentary for part of the year, and partook

There were many events that led to the rapid change in ideas that the Colonies were more British pre-revolutionary war. The want for more land played a big role between the English and the British colonies. With the arrival of the English to the Native Americans, the English main focus was to displace the Native Americans and take over their land. With an unstable economy, left it easy for English to take over the land, leaving it hard for Native Americans. Many new challenges for the Native Americans soon followed the arrival of the English. In the early arrival of the English, there was an extreme competitive economic viewpoint. Unaware of the English’s’ intentions, the Native Americans did everything the English told them too. However,