Guided Democracy Era Analysis

The Guided Democracy era (1959-1965)

In this era the domination of the President , the limitation of the political parties , the development of the communist influence , and the spread of ABRI ( Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia) as the social politic factors, were the characteristic that you will found in the guided democracy era.

In this era of democracy there were much of misappropriation of the 1945 Constitution, in the 1945 Constitution wrote that a President will have at least five years of ruling , but in the provision of the MPRS No.III/1963, assigned that Ir.Soekarno as the lifetime President , and it already cancelled the limitation of five years of ruling for President in the 1945 Constitution , beside that ,there were many others misappropriation towards the Constitution , in the 1960 Ir.Soekarno as the President of Indonesia dissolve the Parliament from the public election ,whereas in the journey of the 1945 Constitution explicitly determined that president did not have the right to do so. In this era also the parties system was slowly to disappear , and many of the political parties leader was sent to jail. The mutual assistance parliament (DPR Gotong Royong) that replaced the previous parliament was used to help the governance, while the control function had been erase. Even the leader of the parliament was used as the minister , so their role as the president assistance had been determined, beside of their role as the parliament member. In this context

As the additional the constitutional institution had been established like the national front that used by the communist as the arena to did some action , according to the international communist tactics as the preparation to achieve the people democracy. The political parties and the press that thought going to other track will be disbanded. The lighthouse Politic ( Politik Mercusuar) in the International Foreign affairs and economic had caused the economics situation to got worst . G 30 S/PKI had ended this period of democracy and gave the chance to the democracy based on Pancasila to

The further development of the Orde Baru era showed how the president role was getting bigger. Slowly the president was transforming to be the most dominant in Indonesia political system, also the ABRI given more formal constitutional base.

The importance of keeping the political stability, national development , and the national integration had been used as the tools to justify the government political actions, including the actions that opposed against the democracy. The principle of monoloyality that been implicated to the civil servant (PNS), the first idea of this principal was to protect the Orde Baru from the opposite distraction , by means of choosing the Golkar ( Golongan Karya ) parties to be the winner of the elction.

In this era of democracy the general election was held regularly and continual, so in this period succeed to manage six general election in a row (1971, 1977,1982,1987,1992 and 1997) from the very beginning of the era this general election had already expected, it can be seen from the released of the regulation of the general election in 1969, just one year after the inauguration of president Soeharto by the